Dirk K. F. Meijer – 1 May 1993 – Bile acids are selectively taken up from portal blood into the liver by specific transport systems in the hepatocyte plasma membrane. Therefore, studies were performed to evaluate the potential of bile acids as shuttles to deliver drugs specifically to the liver. The alkylating cytostatic drug chlorambucii and the fluorescent prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase inhibitor 4‐nitrobenzo‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐β‐Ala‐Phe‐5‐oxaproline‐Gly were covalently linked via an amide bond to 7α, 12α,‐dihydroxy‐3β‐(ω‐aminoalkoxy)‐5‐β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid.

Abraham P. Bautista, Zoltan Spolarics, Hartmut Jaeschke, C. Wayne Smith, John J. Spitzer – 1 May 1993 – Neutrophils and macrophages play an important role in the body's microbicidal defense and have been implicated in the induction of tissue injury in reperfusion, endotoxemia and septic shock. Cellular host defense is accompanied by enhanced glucose use. In this study we examined the effect of monoclonal antibody 1F12 on in vivo glucose use by selected tissues and hepatic phagocytes.

Graham R. Foster, Robert D. Goldin, Andrew Hay, Michael J. McGarvey, George R. Stark, Howard C. Thomas – 1 May 1993 – The terminal protein domain of the hepatitis B viral polymerase can inhibit the cellular response to interferon. To clarify the clinical relevance of this inhibitory effect, we examined the expression of terminal protein in liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic hepatitis B infection.

1 May 1993

Charles L. Mendenhall, Thomas E. Moritz, Gary A. Roselle, Timothy R. Morgan, Bernard A. Nemchausky, Carlo H. Tamburro, Eugene R. Schiff, Craig J. McClain, Luis S. Marsano, John I. Allen, Arun Samanta, Robert E. Weesner, William Henderson, Peter Gartside, Thomas S. Chen, Samuel W. French, Antonio Chedid, Veterans affairs cooperative study group 275 – 1 April 1993 – A Veterans Affairs cooperative study involving 273 male patients was performed to evaluate efficacy of oxandrolone in combination with an enteral food supplement in severe alcoholic hepatitis.

Elliot Alpert – 1 April 1993

John J. Alam, Irving H. Fox – 1 April 1993

Tetsuo Ohta, Takukazu Nagakawa, Toshiya Takeda, Luis Fonseca, Masahiro Kanno, Kazuhiro Mori, Masato Kayahara, Keiichi Ueno, Itsuo Miyazaki, Tadashi Terada – 1 April 1993 – Apolipoprotein A‐1 is known to be one of inhibiting factors of cholesterol nucleation in bile, and decreased activity of apolipoprotein A‐1 is considered to predispose cholesterol‐supersaturated bile to formation of cholesterol crystals.

Michael D. Apstein – 1 April 1993

Paul B. Watkins – 1 April 1993 – Omeprazole has been shown to induce cytochrome P450IA1 and P450IA2 activity in vitro. To reflect cytochrome P450IA2 (CYPIA2) activity in vivo, the 13C‐[N‐3‐methyl]‐caffeine breath test was conducted in 18 volunteers: 12 extensive metabolizers, one intermediate metabolizer, and five poor metabolizers of S‐mephenytoin. Breath tests were performed before treatment with an oral dose of 40 mg omeprazole, on the seventh day of treatment, and after a 7‐day washout period.