Gitte M. Knudsen, Jes Schmidt, Thomas Almdal, Olaf B. Paulson, Hendrik Vilstrup – 1 June 1993 – We repeatedly measured blood‐brain barrier passage of phenylalanine, leucine, glucose and GABA in nine patients with hepatic encephalopathy using the intravenous double‐indicator technique. Controls were four patients without liver disease and two of the patients who had recovered completely from their hepatic encephalopathy. The corrected cerebral venous output curves were fitted by use of a three‐compartment model with four parameters.

Yamina Lazizi, Pascal Dubreuil, Jacques Pillot – 1 June 1993 – HBcAg and antibody to HBcAg were assayed in chronic hepatitis B virus carriers who were not reactive for HBc antibodies on available commercial tests. HBc antibody–negative sera, collected before the onset of the acute phase in recovering patients, were used as controls. A high level of HBcAg was detected in HBc antibody–negative chronic hepatitis B virus carriers after dissociative treatment. HBcAg levels were correlated with serum hepatitis B virus DNA levels.

Steven N. Fine – 1 June 1993

Harvey J. Alter, James W.‐K. Shih – 1 June 1993 – Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has not yet been cultured or visualized. We attempted to recover HCV‐associated particles from plasma of infected humans to assess the natural properties of the virus. Starting with 720 ml of donor plasma containing high titer of HCV core antigen ELISA activities, we identified HCV core antigen activity and viral RNA enriched in a potassium bromide density gradient fraction with a density of 1.115 g/ml.

Norman L. Sussman, James H. Kelly – 1 June 1993 – We have developed a novel hepatocyte loaded hollow fiber bioreactor as a potential bioartificial liver. Freshly harvested rat hepatocytes were entrapped in a three‐dimensional gel matrix within hollow fibers in a perfused bioreactor. Gel entrapment allowed cells to be cultured at high density while maintaining tissuespecific function. Hepatocyte function was evaluated in 10 bioreactors, each containing approximately 5 x 107 cells.

Ralph M. Steinman, Kayo Inaba, Jonathan M. Austyn – 1 June 1993

Guadalupe Garcia‐Tsao, Agustin Albillos, G. E. Barden, A. Brian West – 1 June 1993 – Patients with cirrhosis are predisposed to develop spontaneous bacteremias and peritonitis, mainly by enteric bacteria. Portal hypertension, by producing congestion and edema of the bowel wall, could increase the passage of bacteria from the intestinal lumen to regional lymph nodes to the systemic circulation or to both, a process termed bacterial translocation.

Mark Johnson, George Koukoulis, Kunio Matsumoto, Toshikazu Nakamura, Anand Iyer – 1 June 1993 – Hepatocyte growth factor is the most potent mitogen known for hepatocytes, and increasing evidence suggests that hepatocyte growth factor plays an important role in liver regeneration. However, hepatocytes are not the only liver epithelial cell population that proliferates during regeneration. Experimental and clinical data indicate that the regenerative liver response also includes the participation of nonparenchymal epithelial cells.

1 June 1993

John W. Wiley – 1 June 1993 – The incubation of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or biologically active phorbol esters promotes the release of nitric oxide to the incubation medium. This process is the result of the induction of the Ca2+‐ and calmodulinindependent form of nitric oxide synthase. Both the release of nitric oxide to the incubation medium and the expression of nitric oxide synthase activity exhibited a lag period of about 45–60 min after cell stimulation.