Jacqueline B. Wahler, Mark G. Swain, Richard Carson, Nora V. Bergasa, E. Anthony Jones – 1 June 1993 – The blood‐brain‐barrier plays an essential role in regulating the entrance of substances into the brain. To date, permeability of the blood‐brain barrier has not been studied in models of cholestatic liver injury, although levels of substances known to enhance vascular permeability (bile acids, substance P, histamine) are elevated in cholestasis.

Jurgen Ludwig, Etsuko Hashimoto, Hiroshi Obata, William P. Baldus – 1 June 1993

Darrell H. G. Crawford, June W. Halliday, W. G. E. Cooksley, Therese L. Murphy, Suzanne D. Golding, Jennifer D. Wallace, Ross C. Cuneo, Steven V. Lynch, Russell J. Strong, Lawrie W. Powell – 1 June 1993 – We compared total body water and intracellularextracellular distribution of body water between male patients with mild liver disease without ascites (n = 9), male patients with severe liver disease and gross ascites (n = 6) and a group of age‐, sex‐, height‐ and weight‐ matched controls (n = 6).

1 June 1993

Masao Honda, Shuichi Kaneko, Masashi Unoura, Kenichi Kobayashi, Seishi Murakami – 1 June 1993 – We evaluated the risk of hepatitis C virus transmission through household contact with chronic carriers using nucleotide sequence analysis. Chronic hepatitis C patients (76 patients) were divided into two groups: familial transmission of hepatitis C virus was studied in group A (53 patients); group B (23 patients) served as nonfamilial controls for group A.

Henkjan J. Verkade, Henk Wolters, Albert Gerding, Rick Havinga, Vaclav Fidler, Roel J. Vonk, Folkert Kuipers – 1 June 1993 – Bile acid–induced lipid secretion was compared in unanesthetized normal control and Groningen Yellow Wistar rats during variations in endogenous bile acid output. Groningen Yellow rats express a genetic defect in the biliary secretion of various organic anions.

Fukashi Doi, Tomomochi Goya, Motomichi Torisu – 1 June 1993 – We investigated the pathogenesis of septic liver injury in rats caused by cecal ligation and puncture. In this model, numerous neutrophils accumulated in the liver in parallel with the development of liver dysfunction. The supernatants of hepatic macrophages isolated from these septic rats 24 hr after cecal ligation and puncture had enhanced chemotactic activities for human neutrophils. These results suggest that in sepsis, hepatic macrophages attract neutrophils to the liver.

Daniel Shouval, Ruth Adler, Yaron Ilan – 1 June 1993 – Recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation are immunosuppressed as a result of their primary disease and by myeloablative therapy. Such patients are dependent on multiple blood products and are at risk for hepatitis B virus infection. Active immunization against hepatitis B in the immediate pre‐ and post‐transplant periods is ineffective, pre‐ sumably because of decreased T cell–dependent B‐cell responses.

Maria A. Leo, Alan S. Rosman, Charles S. Lieber – 1 June 1993 – Carotenoids and tocopherols are major natural protective agents against free radical–mediated liver damage, but their levels in diseased liver are largely uncharted. Therefore we carried out measurements with high‐pressure liquid chromatography of α‐ and β‐carotene, lycopene, cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin, total retinoids and α‐ and γ‐tocopherol. Liver tissue was obtained from percutaneous needle biopsies, livers of transplant recipients or a donor bank.

John B. Watkins – 1 June 1993