Jens Bukh, Roger H. Miller – 1 July 1994 – Hepatitis C virus (HCV) samples in 155 sera, from patients with chronic non‐A, non‐B liver disease and blood donors, were grouped into four genotypes (I, II, III, and IV) by amplification of core‐gene sequences by polymerase chain reaction with type‐specific primers. HCV genotypes were compared with various HCV‐associated antibodies detectable by the first‐generation ELISA (ELISA‐1) with C100‐3 protein and a second‐generation immunoblot assay with four recombinant HCV proteins.

Robert W. Osorio, Nancy L. Ascher, Mark Avery, Peter Bacchetti, John P. Roberts, John R. Lake – 1 July 1994 – With appropriate selection criteria, patients with end‐stage alcoholic liver disease who undergo orthotopic liver transplantation have similar graft and patient survivals as patients undergoing transplantation for other causes. However, because of the possibility of recidivism after orthotopic liver transplantation there is still reluctance to transplant alcoholic patients.

Nathalie Busso, Edwige Nicodeme, Christophe Chesne, André Guillouzo, Dominique Belin, François Hyafil – 1 July 1994 – We examined the effects of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α and transforming growth factor‐β) on the plasminogen activator system (urokinase, tissue‐type plasminogen activator, type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor) in primary cultures of human hepatocytes.

Peter Donaldson, Derek Doherty, James Underhill, Roger Williams – 1 July 1994 – The dual observations that human leukocyte antigens have an antigen‐binding groove and that the polymorphism we study as human leukocyte antigen types is largely related to amino acid substitutions in and around that groove have provided a new focus for immunogenetic studies.

Andres T. Blei – 1 July 1994

Barbara S. Reid – 1 July 1994

The French METAVIR Cooperative Study Group, P. Bedossa – 1 July 1994 – Liver biopsy is used as the “gold standard” for the assessment of the stage and degree of activity in chronic hepatitis C and is of major importance in evaluating the effects of treatment. Because numerous therapeutic trials are undertaken with histological control, the reproducibility of liver biopsy interpretation appears essential.

Lars Lööf, Hans‐Olov Adami, Pär Sparén, Åke Danielsson, Ljusk Siw Eriksson, Rolf Hultcrantz, Stefan Lindgren, Rolf Olsson, Hanne Prytz, Bengt‐Olof Ryden, Hanna Sandberg‐Gertzen, Sven Wallerstedt – 1 July 1994 – A cohort of 559 patients in Sweden who satisfied predetermined criteria for the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis was followed with respect to the incidence of cancer during the period of 1958 to 1988. The mean follow‐up time from the time of primary biliary cirrhosis diagnosis was 9.0 ± 54 yr.

Bruno Stieger, Peter J. Meier, Lukas Landmann – 1 July 1994 – We investigated the effect of bile duct ligation and its release on membrane traffic and plasma membrane protein distribution in rat hepatocytes. Immunofluorescence studies with monoclonal antibodies against six domain‐specific surface antigens revealed that bile duct ligation leads to an accumulation of pericanalicular vesicles containing canalicular antigens.

Jonathan, Harrison, Paul McMaster – 1 July 1994