Jürgen G. Pauletzki, Qi‐Wei Xu, Eldon A. Shaffer – 1 July 1995 – Impaired gallbladder emptying is frequent in cholesterol gallstone disease as well as in predisposing conditions like pregnancy and obesity. Gallbladder hypomotility is considered a pathogenic factor for gallstone formation, providing the residence time for cholesterol crystal nucleation, but any effect on the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and subsequently on biliary lipid composition is unknown.

Maher Daas, David J. Plevak, Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, Jorge Rakela, Russell H. Wiesner, David G. Piepgras, William F. Dunn, Jeffery L. Steers – 1 July 1995 – This investigation summarizes and evaluates the results of a clinical protocol that we designed to care for patients with acute liver failure (ALF). Adult patients with ALF were enrolled in the protocol. Grade II portal‐systemic encephalopathy prompted admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Patients who met the clinical criterion were activated for liver transplantation.

T Maeka, M Eto, T Lin, Y Nishimura, YY Kong, K Nomoto, J Immunol – 1 July 1995 – We investigated whether tolerance can be reestablished in mice with graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) by using a short‐term, T‐celldepleting treatment with an anti‐TCR‐αβ mAb. GVHD was induced in 950‐rad—irradiated AKR mice (H‐2k, Mls‐1a) by injecting 5 × 106 T celldepleted bone marrow cells together with either 107 or 2 × 106 lymph node (LN) cells from BALB/c mice (H‐2d, and Mls‐1b). AKR mice that received 107 LN cells exhibited a severe form of acute GVHD, in which all mice died by day 60.

David Siegel, Miriam J. Alter, Stephen Morse – 1 July 1995 – To examine the extent of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) in an inner‐city community, we determined the prevalence, incidence, and correlates of HBV seroreactivity in a representative sample of unmarried whites, African‐Americans, and Hispanics living in San Francisco during 1988 to 1989 and again 1 year later in 1989 to 1990. Unmarried men and women aged 20 to 44 years were surveyed in a random household sample drawn from three neighborhoods of varying geographic and cultural characteristics.

Angels Ginès, Ramon Planas, Paolo Angeli, Carlos Guarner, Francesco Salerno, Pere Ginès, Joan Saló, Nivardo Rodriguez, Eugeni Domènech, Germán Soriano, Luis Anibarro, Miguel Angel Gassull, Angelo Gatta, Vicente Arroyo, Juan Rodés – 1 July 1995 – It has recently been suggested that insertion of a titanium tip at the venous end of the LeVeen shunt drastically reduces the rate of shunt obstruction.

Zenghua Ma, Jonathan B. Meddings, Samuel S. Lee – 1 July 1995 – We have previously demonstrated that impairment of cardiac contractility in a rat model of cirrhosis may be secondary to altered cardiac plasma membrane physical properties affecting β‐adrenergic receptor function. It is unclear whether this is caused by the cirrhosis or by the portal hypertension in this model, so we studied cardiomyocyte plasma membrane physical properties, lipid composition, and β‐adrenergic receptor function in a rat model of prehepatic portal hypertension without cirrhosis.

Gennaro D'amico, Luigi Pagliaro, Jaime Bosch – 1 July 1995

Florence Wong, Laurence Blendis – 1 July 1995

Carlos Guarner, Bruch A. Runyon – 1 July 1995 – Background. Bacterial infection is a frequent and often fatal complication in patients with cirrhosis. Macro‐phages play an important part in the host defense against infection because their Fcγ receptors recognize antibody‐coated bacteria.

Ben J. Howard, Roman Pohorecki, Gerald L. Becker, Dennis F. Landers – 1 July 1995 – Both cold and warm ischemia occur during liver transplantation. Hypothermia and Wisconsin solution preserve adenine nucleotide energy status, which is crucial to hepatic function and viability. The volatile anesthetic isoflurane has been shown to preserve energy status in anoxic isolated hepatocytes in warm Krebs solution. The present study examined isoflurane effects on energy status during incubation also in Wisconsin or Krebs‐plusadenosine solution at 37° or 4°.