Loss of hypoxia inducible factor‐1α aggravates γδ T‐cell‐mediated inflammation during acetaminophen‐induced liver injury

Tomohiro Suzuki, Shoko Minagawa, Takashi Yamazaki, Takatomo Arai, Mai Kanai, Satoko Shinjo, Nobuhito Goda – 26 March 2018 – Acetaminophen (APAP)‐induced liver injury is closely associated with acute hepatic inflammation. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) is activated during immunological processes and regulates gene expressions in various types of immune cells. Although HIF‐1 controls the differentiation and functions of conventional T cells in chronic inflammation, the pathological importance of HIF‐1 in innate‐like T cells during acute inflammation remains unknown.

Design and Endpoints for Clinical Trials in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Cyriel Y. Ponsioen, Keith D. Lindor, Ruby Mehta, Lara Dimick‐Santos – 25 March 2018 – Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare and chronic liver disease for which there is no effective therapy. Interest has grown in developing treatments for this condition, with several agents proposed as potential therapies. However, there is a lack of clarity about how to measure clinical benefit in trials involving patients with this complex and rare disease.

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