Landscape of immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma and its additional impact on histological and molecular classification

Yutaka Kurebayashi, Hidenori Ojima, Hanako Tsujikawa, Naoto Kubota, Junki Maehara, Yuta Abe, Minoru Kitago, Masahiro Shinoda, Yuko Kitagawa, Michiie Sakamoto – 30 March 2018 – Immune cells constitute an important element of tumor tissue. Accumulating evidence indicates their clinicopathological significance in predicting prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. Nonetheless, the combinations of immune cells forming the immune microenvironment and their association with histological findings remain largely unknown.

Blocking H1/H2 histamine receptors inhibits damage/fibrosis in Mdr2–/– mice and human cholangiocarcinoma tumorigenesis

Lindsey Kennedy, Laura Hargrove, Jennifer Demieville, Walker Karstens, Hannah Jones, Sharon DeMorrow, Fanyin Meng, Pietro Invernizzi, Francesca Bernuzzi, Gianfranco Alpini, Steven Smith, Austin Akers, Vik Meadows, Heather Francis – 30 March 2018 – Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) patients are at risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). We have shown that (1) histamine increases biliary hyperplasia through H1/H2 histamine receptors (HRs) and (2) histamine levels increase and mast cells (MCs) infiltrate during PSC and CCA.

Loss of hypoxia inducible factor‐1α aggravates γδ T‐cell‐mediated inflammation during acetaminophen‐induced liver injury

Tomohiro Suzuki, Shoko Minagawa, Takashi Yamazaki, Takatomo Arai, Mai Kanai, Satoko Shinjo, Nobuhito Goda – 26 March 2018 – Acetaminophen (APAP)‐induced liver injury is closely associated with acute hepatic inflammation. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) is activated during immunological processes and regulates gene expressions in various types of immune cells. Although HIF‐1 controls the differentiation and functions of conventional T cells in chronic inflammation, the pathological importance of HIF‐1 in innate‐like T cells during acute inflammation remains unknown.

The high burden of alcoholic cirrhosis in privately insured persons in the United States

Jessica L. Mellinger, Kerby Shedden, Gerald Scott Winder, Elliot Tapper, Megan Adams, Robert J Fontana, Michael L. Volk, Frederic C. Blow, Anna S.F. Lok – 26 March 2018 – Alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) is a major cause of liver‐related morbidity and mortality in the United States. Rising rates of alcohol use disorders in the United States will likely result in more alcoholic liver disease. Our aim was to determine the prevalence, health care use, and costs of AC among privately insured persons in the United States.

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