Hepatitis B Virus Induces Autophagy to Promote its Replication by the Axis of miR‐192‐3p‐XIAP Through NF kappa B Signaling

Jingwen Wang, Jianwen Chen, Yang Liu, Xianhuang Zeng, Mingcong Wei, Shaoshuai Wu, Qiushuang Xiong, Feifei Song, Xu Yuan, Yu Xiao, Yun Cao, Changyong Li, Lang Chen, Mingxiong Guo, Yun‐Bo Shi, Guihong Sun, Deyin Guo – 4 September 2018 – Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. It has been reported that viral infection can interfere with cellular microRNA (miRNA) expression and participate in the pathogenesis of oncogenicity.

Suboptimal Level of Bone‐Forming Cells in Advanced Cirrhosis are Associated with Hepatic Osteodystrophy

Chhagan Bihari, Deepika Lal, Monika Thakur, Sukriti Sukriti, Dhananjay Mathur, Anupama G. Patil, Lovkesh Anand, Guresh Kumar, Shvetank Sharma, Shalini Thapar, Apurba Rajbongshi, Archana Rastogi, Anupam Kumar, Shiv K. Sarin – 4 September 2018 – Bone loss is common in advanced cirrhosis, although the precise mechanisms underlying bone loss in cirrhosis are unknown. We studied the profile and functionality of bone‐forming cells and bone‐building proteins in bone marrow (BM) of individuals with cirrhosis (n = 61) and individuals without cirrhosis as normal controls (n = 50).

Global Perspectives on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Zobair Younossi, Frank Tacke, Marco Arrese, Barjesh Chander Sharma, Ibrahim Mostafa, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Vincent Wai‐Sun Wong, Yusuf Yilmaz, Jacob George, Jiangao Fan, Miriam B. Vos – 4 September 2018 – Over the past 2 decades, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has grown from a relatively unknown disease to the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the world. In fact, 25% of the world’s population is currently thought to have NAFLD. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the subtype of NAFLD that can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and death.

NLR Family Pyrin Domain‐Containing 3 Inflammasome Activation in Hepatic Stellate Cells Induces Liver Fibrosis in Mice

Maria Eugenia Inzaugarat, Casey D. Johnson, Theresa Maria Holtmann, Matthew D. McGeough, Christian Trautwein, Bettina G. Papouchado, Robert Schwabe, Hal M. Hoffman, Alexander Wree, Ariel E. Feldstein – 4 September 2018 – The NLR family pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays an important role in liver fibrosis (LF) development. However, the mechanisms involved in NLRP3‐induced fibrosis are unclear. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that the NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) can directly regulate their activation and contribute to LF.

Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B or C

Wei‐Yu Kao, Chien‐Wei Su, Elise Chia‐Hui Tan, Pei‐Chang Lee, Ping‐Hsien Chen, Jui‐Hsiang Tang, Yi‐Hsiang Huang, Teh‐Ia Huo, Chun‐Chao Chang, Ming‐Chih Hou, Han‐Chieh Lin, Jaw‐Ching Wu – 2 September 2018 – Researchers have hypothesized that the long‐term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can increase the risk of developing cancer. However, the association between PPI use and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk is unclear.

Advancing Age and Comorbidity in a US Insured Population‐Based Cohort of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B

Mindie H. Nguyen, Joseph K. Lim, A. Burak Ozbay, Jeremy Fraysse, Iris Liou, Nicole Meyer, Geoffrey Dusheiko, Stuart C. Gordon – 2 September 2018 – Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) comorbidity data are limited. Using insurance claims databases, our aims were to determine the prevalence and incidence of nonliver comorbidities in CHB patients over time and the predictors of select comorbidities in CHB patients. Patients were adults with continuous coverage (commercial/Medicare or Medicaid) 6 months prior to and after the first CHB diagnosis and matched non‐CHB patients.

Elevated Plasma Levels of Cell‐Free DNA During Liver Transplantation Are Associated With Activation of Coagulation

Fien A. von Meijenfeldt, Laura C. Burlage, Sarah Bos, Jelle Adelmeijer, Robert J. Porte, Ton Lisman – 31 August 2018 – Patients undergoing liver transplantation have complex changes in their hemostatic system, and the net effect of these changes appears to be a “rebalanced” hemostatic profile. Recently, a process called NETosis in which a neutrophil expels DNA and proteins that form a weblike structure, has been described as a mechanism of pathogen entrapment.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detection by Plasma Methylated DNA: Discovery, Phase I Pilot, and Phase II Clinical Validation

John B. Kisiel, Brian A. Dukek, Reddappa V.S.R. Kanipakam, Hassan M. Ghoz, Tracy C. Yab, Calise K. Berger, William R. Taylor, Patrick H. Foote, Nasra H. Giama, Kristeen Onyirioha, Mohamed A. Abdallah, Kelli N. Burger, Seth W. Slettedahl, Douglas W. Mahoney, Thomas C. Smyrk, Jason T. Lewis, Maria Giakoumopoulos, Hatim T. Allawi, Graham P. Lidgard, Lewis R. Roberts, David A. Ahlquist – 31 August 2018 – Early detection improves hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) outcomes, but better noninvasive surveillance tools are needed.

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