Aditya Ambade, Patrick Lowe, Karen Kodys, Donna Catalano, Benedek Gyongyosi, Yeonhee Cho, Arvin Iracheta‐Vellve, Adeyinka Adejumo, Banishree Saha, Charles Calenda, Jeeval Mehta, Eric Lefebvre, Pamela Vig, Gyongyi Szabo – 4 September 2018 – Kupffer cell and macrophage (MØ) activation contributes to steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in alcoholic liver disease (ALD).

Maria Eugenia Inzaugarat, Casey D. Johnson, Theresa Maria Holtmann, Matthew D. McGeough, Christian Trautwein, Bettina G. Papouchado, Robert Schwabe, Hal M. Hoffman, Alexander Wree, Ariel E. Feldstein – 4 September 2018 – The NLR family pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays an important role in liver fibrosis (LF) development. However, the mechanisms involved in NLRP3‐induced fibrosis are unclear. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that the NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) can directly regulate their activation and contribute to LF.

Mindie H. Nguyen, Joseph K. Lim, A. Burak Ozbay, Jeremy Fraysse, Iris Liou, Nicole Meyer, Geoffrey Dusheiko, Stuart C. Gordon – 2 September 2018 – Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) comorbidity data are limited. Using insurance claims databases, our aims were to determine the prevalence and incidence of nonliver comorbidities in CHB patients over time and the predictors of select comorbidities in CHB patients. Patients were adults with continuous coverage (commercial/Medicare or Medicaid) 6 months prior to and after the first CHB diagnosis and matched non‐CHB patients.

Winston Dunn, Naga Chalasani – 2 September 2018

Wei‐Yu Kao, Chien‐Wei Su, Elise Chia‐Hui Tan, Pei‐Chang Lee, Ping‐Hsien Chen, Jui‐Hsiang Tang, Yi‐Hsiang Huang, Teh‐Ia Huo, Chun‐Chao Chang, Ming‐Chih Hou, Han‐Chieh Lin, Jaw‐Ching Wu – 2 September 2018 – Researchers have hypothesized that the long‐term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can increase the risk of developing cancer. However, the association between PPI use and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk is unclear.

John B. Kisiel, Brian A. Dukek, Reddappa V.S.R. Kanipakam, Hassan M. Ghoz, Tracy C. Yab, Calise K. Berger, William R. Taylor, Patrick H. Foote, Nasra H. Giama, Kristeen Onyirioha, Mohamed A. Abdallah, Kelli N. Burger, Seth W. Slettedahl, Douglas W. Mahoney, Thomas C. Smyrk, Jason T. Lewis, Maria Giakoumopoulos, Hatim T. Allawi, Graham P. Lidgard, Lewis R. Roberts, David A. Ahlquist – 31 August 2018 – Early detection improves hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) outcomes, but better noninvasive surveillance tools are needed.

Yongjun Tian, Jing‐hsiung James Ou – 31 August 2018

Fien A. von Meijenfeldt, Laura C. Burlage, Sarah Bos, Jelle Adelmeijer, Robert J. Porte, Ton Lisman – 31 August 2018 – Patients undergoing liver transplantation have complex changes in their hemostatic system, and the net effect of these changes appears to be a “rebalanced” hemostatic profile. Recently, a process called NETosis in which a neutrophil expels DNA and proteins that form a weblike structure, has been described as a mechanism of pathogen entrapment.

Marlyn J. Mayo, Alan J. Wigg, Barbara A. Leggett, Hays Arnold, Alexander J. Thompson, Martin Weltman, Elizabeth J. Carey, Andrew J. Muir, Lei Ling, Stephen J. Rossi, Alex M. DePaoli – 30 August 2018 – Patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) who had an inadequate response to ursodiol have few treatment options. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin levels correlate with the risk of liver transplant or death in PBC patients. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 is a hormone that acts directly in the liver to regulate bile acid synthesis.

Omar Motiño, Daniel E. Francés, Natalia Casanova, Marina Fuertes‐Agudo, Carme Cucarella, Juana M. Flores, María Teresa Vallejo‐Cremades, Luis Olmedilla, José Pérez Peña, Rafael Bañares, Lisardo Boscá, Marta Casado, Paloma Martín‐Sanz – 29 August 2018 – Liver ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a serious clinical problem affecting liver transplantation outcomes. IRI causes up to 10% of early organ failure and predisposes to chronic rejection. Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is involved in different liver diseases, but the significance of COX‐2 in IRI is a matter of controversy.