Incidence and Mortality of Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure Using Two Definitions in Patients with Compensated Cirrhosis

Nadim Mahmud, David E. Kaplan, Tamar H. Taddei, David S. Goldberg – 7 January 2019 – The term acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is intended to identify patients with chronic liver disease who develop rapid deterioration of liver function and high short‐term mortality after an acute insult. The two prominent definitions (European Association for the Study of the Liver [EASL] and Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver [APASL]) differ, and existing literature applies to narrow patient groups.

Not All Cellular Rejections Are the Same: Differences in Early and Late Hepatic Allograft Rejection

Caroline C. Jadlowiec, Paige E. Morgan, Avinash K. Nehra, Matthew A. Hathcock, Walter K. Kremers, Julie K. Heimbach, Russell H. Wiesner, Timucin Taner – 7 January 2019 – T cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) is common after liver transplantation (LT), and it is often thought to have a minimum impact on outcomes. Because alloimmune response changes over time, we investigated the role of the timing of TCMR on patient and allograft survival and examined the risk factors for early and late TCMR. We reviewed protocol liver biopsies for 787 consecutive LT recipients with an 8.6‐year follow‐up.

Elevated Risk of Split‐Liver grafts in adult liver Transplantation: Statistical Artifact or Nature of the Beast?

Kazunari Sasaki, Daniel J. Firl, John C. McVey, Jesse D. Schold, Giuseppe Iuppa, Teresa Diago Uso, Masato Fujiki, Federico N. Aucejo, Cristiano Quintini, Bijan Eghetsad, Charles M. Miller, Koji Hashimoto – 7 January 2019 – A recent study using US national registry data reported, using Cox proportional hazards (PH) models, that split‐liver transplantation (SLT) has improved over time and is no more hazardous than whole‐liver transplantation (WLT). However, the study methods violated the PH assumption, which is the fundamental assumption of Cox modeling.

A Functional Variant in Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme E2 L3 Contributes to Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Maintains Covalently Closed Circular DNA Stability by Inducing Degradation of Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Enzyme Catalytic Subunit 3A

Li Zhou, Ji‐Hua Ren, Sheng‐Tao Cheng, Hong‐Mei Xu, Wei‐Xian Chen, Da‐Peng Chen, Vincent Kam Wai Wong, Betty Yuen Kwan Law, Yi Liu, Xue‐Fei Cai, Hua Tang, Hai‐Bo Yu, Jie‐Li Hu, Yuan Hu, Hong‐Zhong Zhou, Fang Ren, Lin He, Zhong‐Wen Hu, Hui Jiang, Hong‐Yan Xu, Ai‐Long Huang, Juan Chen – 7 January 2019 – Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a common infectious disease, in which nuclear covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) plays a key role in viral persistence, viral reactivation after treatment withdrawal, and drug resistance.

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