IL‐22 and IL‐22‐Binding Protein Are Associated With Development of and Mortality From Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure

Katharina Schwarzkopf, Sabrina Rüschenbaum, Samarpita Barat, Chengcong Cai, Marcus M. Mücke, Daniel Fitting, Andreas Weigert, Bernhard Brüne, Stefan Zeuzem, Christoph Welsch, Christian M. Lange – 17 January 2019 – Interleukin‐22 (IL‐22) has context‐dependent hepatoprotective or adverse properties in vitro and in animal models. IL‐22 binding protein (IL‐22BP) is a soluble inhibitor of IL‐22 signaling. The role of IL‐22 and IL‐22BP in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is unclear.

The Role of Complement in Liver Injury, Regeneration, and Transplantation

Ebbe Billmann Thorgersen, Andreas Barratt‐Due, Håkon Haugaa, Morten Harboe, Søren Erik Pischke, Per H. Nilsson, Tom Eirik Mollnes – 17 January 2019 – The liver is both an immunologically complex and a privileged organ. The innate immune system is a central player, in which the complement system emerges as a pivotal part of liver homeostasis, immune responses, and crosstalk with other effector systems in both innate and adaptive immunity. The liver produces the majority of the complement proteins and is the home of important immune cells such as Kupffer cells.

The Role of Innate Immune Cells in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Jingjing Cai, Xiao‐Jing Zhang, Hongliang Li – 17 January 2019 – Inflammation and metabolic dysfunction are hallmarks of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is one of the fastest‐growing liver diseases worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that innate immune mechanisms are pivotal drivers of inflammation and other pathological manifestations observed in NASH, such as hepatosteatosis, insulin resistance (IR), and fibrosis.

The Role of Innate Immune Cells in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Jingjing Cai, Xiao‐Jing Zhang, Hongliang Li – 17 January 2019 – Inflammation and metabolic dysfunction are hallmarks of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is one of the fastest‐growing liver diseases worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that innate immune mechanisms are pivotal drivers of inflammation and other pathological manifestations observed in NASH, such as hepatosteatosis, insulin resistance (IR), and fibrosis.

Alcohol‐Related Liver Disease: Areas of Consensus, Unmet Needs and Opportunities for Further Study

Gyongyi Szabo, Patrick S. Kamath, Vijay H. Shah, Mark Thursz, Philippe Mathurin – 15 January 2019 – A joint meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) was held in London on September 30 and October 1, 2017. The goals of the meeting were to identify areas of broad agreement and disagreement, develop consensus, and determine future directions to ultimately reduce the burden, morbidity, and mortality of alcohol‐related liver disease (previously termed alcoholic liver disease).

Alcohol‐Related Liver Disease: Areas of Consensus, Unmet Needs and Opportunities for Further Study

Gyongyi Szabo, Patrick S. Kamath, Vijay H. Shah, Mark Thursz, Philippe Mathurin – 15 January 2019 – A joint meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) was held in London on September 30 and October 1, 2017. The goals of the meeting were to identify areas of broad agreement and disagreement, develop consensus, and determine future directions to ultimately reduce the burden, morbidity, and mortality of alcohol‐related liver disease (previously termed alcoholic liver disease).

Long‐Read RNA Sequencing Identifies Alternative Splice Variants in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Tumor‐Specific Isoforms

Hui Chen, Feng Gao, Mian He, Xiao Fan Ding, Aikha M. Wong, Siu Ching Sze, Allen C. Yu, Tingting Sun, Anthony W‐H. Chan, Xin Wang, Nathalie Wong – 13 January 2019 – Alternative splicing (AS) allows generation of cell type–specific mRNA transcripts and contributes to hallmarks of cancer. Genome‐wide analysis for AS in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, is limited. We sought to obtain a comprehensive AS landscape in HCC and define tumor‐associated variants.

Cholemic Nephropathy Causes Acute Kidney Injury and Is Accompanied by Loss of Aquaporin 2 in Collecting Ducts

Jan Hinrich Bräsen, Young‐Seon Mederacke, Jessica Schmitz, Kateryna Diahovets, Abedalrazag Khalifa, Björn Hartleben, Fermín Person, Thorsten Wiech, Eric Steenbergen, Anika Großhennig, Michael P. Manns, Roland Schmitt, Ingmar Mederacke – 11 January 2019 – Impairment of renal function often occurs in patients with liver disease. Hepatorenal syndrome is a significant cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with cirrhosis (HRS‐AKI, type 1). Causes of non‐HRS‐AKI include cholemic nephropathy (CN), a disease that is characterized by intratubular bile casts and tubular injury.

Cholemic Nephropathy Causes Acute Kidney Injury and Is Accompanied by Loss of Aquaporin 2 in Collecting Ducts

Jan Hinrich Bräsen, Young‐Seon Mederacke, Jessica Schmitz, Kateryna Diahovets, Abedalrazag Khalifa, Björn Hartleben, Fermín Person, Thorsten Wiech, Eric Steenbergen, Anika Großhennig, Michael P. Manns, Roland Schmitt, Ingmar Mederacke – 11 January 2019 – Impairment of renal function often occurs in patients with liver disease. Hepatorenal syndrome is a significant cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with cirrhosis (HRS‐AKI, type 1). Causes of non‐HRS‐AKI include cholemic nephropathy (CN), a disease that is characterized by intratubular bile casts and tubular injury.

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