Sadashi Adachi, Hisataka Moriwaki, Yasutoshi Muto, Yasuhiro Yamada, Yasushi Fukutomi, Makoto Shimazaki, Masataka Okuno, Mitsuo Ninomiya – 1 November 1991 – Although alcohol is known to enhance hepatocarcinogenesis, the mechanism of this action remains to be explained. To test the hypothesis that ethanol depletes the liver of antitumor promoters such as retinoid, we measured the retinoid concentration in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and noncancerous surrounding liver tissues in humans known to have a history of alcohol consumption.

Ken Shirabe, Takashi Kanematsu, Takashi Matsumata, Eisuke Adachi, Kohhei Akazawa, Keizo Sugimachi – 1 November 1991 – The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors linked to recurrence of small hepatocellular carcinomas, up to 3cm in diameter, after hepatectomy. Fifty patients with small hepatocellular carcinomas who underwent hepatectomy between 1976 and 1988 were observed for possible recurrence for at least 2 yr. These patients were divided into two groups: 20 patients who had recurrence within 2 yr and 30 patients who had no recurrence within 2 yr.

Michael H. Basista, Anne Stieffenhofer, Dong‐Goo Kim, Noriko Murase, Saturo Todo, Vincents J. Dindzans – 1 November 1991 – We used a model of rat hepatic allograft rejection to evaluate levels of procoagulant activity and tumor necrosis factor during acute cellular rejection. ACI livers were transplanted into Lewis rats, and Lewis‐to‐Lewis isografts and unoperated animals served as controls. Animals were killed on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9. Splenic mononuclear cells were obtained by Ficoll‐Hypaque gradients.

Walter Ward, Arlan Richardson – 1 November 1991

A. Jake Demetris, Steven H. Belle, John Hart, Klaus Lewin, Jurgen Ludwig, Dale C. Snover, G. Weldon Tillery, Katherine Detre, The Liver Transplantation Database (Ltd) Investigators – 1 November 1991 – A study to determine the reproducibility of histopathological findings and diagnoses of rejection was carried out on a series of 42 liver allograft needle biopsy specimens by five pathologists practicing at four liver transplant centers.

Anna S. F. Lok, Oliver C. K. Ma, Tak‐Mao Chan, Ching‐Lung Lai, Hau‐Tim Chung, Clara P. L. Ng, Jenny S. C. Lam – 1 November 1991 – Serum samples (1,428) from 1,149 patients with chronic liver diseases and polytransfused subjects were tested for antibody to hepatitis C virus by first‐generation enzyme immunoassays.

Mario Angelico, Claudia Gandin, Pietro Canuzzi, Serenella Bertasi, Alfredo Cantafora, Adriano de Santis, Serena Quattrucci, Mariano Antonelli – 1 November 1991 – Radiolucent gallstones are common in young adults with cystic fibrosis. In the mid‐1970s, it was suggested that gallstones are made of cholesterol, but this hypothesis has never been tested. Several recent studies have shown that the detection of cholesterol monohydrate crystals in bile has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of cholesterol gallstones.

Andrew S. Klein, Scott Savader, James F. Burdick, Jeffrey Fair, Mack Mitchell, Paul Colombani, Bruce Perler, Floyd Osterman, G. Melville Williams – 1 November 1991 – Over a 4‐yr period that began October 1, 1986, 103 orthotopic liver transplants were performed on 91 patients at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Biliary reconstruction at the time of transplantation was performed in standard fashion by an appropriately trained member of the surgical team.

Christopher B. O'brien, John R. Senior, Renu Arora‐Mirchandani, Ashok K. Batta, Gerald Salen – 1 November 1991 – We investigated the effects of once‐daily oral administration of 10 mg/kg ursodeoxycholic acid (generic name, ursodiol) on elevated serum enzyme activities, bilirubin, cholesterol, bile acids and symptoms in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Sumiko Nagoshi, Tomoaki Tomiya, Yuzuru Sato, Yuji Oka, Itsuro Ogata, Kenji Fujiwara – 1 November 1991 – When epidermal growth factor was given to rats after partial hepatectomy, hepatic putrescine content was significantly increased at 4, 6 and 10 hr compared with control rats. Ornithine decarboxylase activity was also increased.