John J. Lemasters, Ronald G. Thurman – 1 November 1991 – To determine the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, livers from male Fischer rats were subjected to 45 min of no‐flow ischemia followed by reperfusion for up to 24 h. Two phases of liver injury were identified, an initial phase during the first hour of reperfusion and a later progression phase with 80 ± 3% hepatocyte necrosis and an 80‐fold increase of neutrophil infiltration in the liver after 24 h.

Raymond S. Koff, Dawn Provenzale – 1 November 1991

Stefano Gaiani, Luigi Bolondi, Daphna Fenyves, Gianni Zironi, Alessandra Rigamonti, Luigi Barbara – 1 November 1991 – Propranolol has been demonstrated to be effective in lowering portal pressure in cirrhotic patients. This effect is mediated by a reduction of splanchnic arterial inflow and a consequent decrease of portal vein and portocollateral blood flow. Although experimental studies suggest a direct effect of the drug on portocollateral circulation, little information exists about relative flow changes occurring in the portal vein and in collateral veins feeding esophageal varices.

Giuliano Ramadori, Thomas Knittel, Stefan Schwögler, Florian Bieber, Hartmut Rieder, Karl‐Herrmann Meyer Zum Büschenfelde – 1 November 1991 – Fat‐storing (Ito) cells are perisinusoidal liver cells thought to play a central role in vitamin A metabolism and fibrogenesis. Glucocorticoids have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of certain types of liver diseases by delaying the development of cirrhosis. To study the regulatory effects of dexamethasone on Ito cell gene expression, Ito cells were isolated from normal rat liver and primary cultures were established.

Raymond S. Koff – 1 November 1991

Kim M. Summers, June W. Halliday, Lawrie W. Powell – 1 November 1991

1 November 1991

Antonio Martinez‐Hernandez, Jose Martinez – 1 November 1991 – During the cirrhotic process, the hepatic microvascular phenotype is transformed from sinusoids (discontinuous capillaries) into continuous capillaries. This transformation has been termed capillarization. Many hepatic functions depend on the rapid, bidirectional exchange of macromolecules between plasma and hepatocytes.

Shie‐Pon Tzung, Katherine C. Gaines, Mark Henderson, Terry J. Smith, Stefan A. Cohen – 1 November 1991 – Cytosolic extracts prepared from perfused whole liver or purified hepatocytes of C57BL/6 mice inhibited interleukin‐2– and concanavalin A–induced spleen cell proliferation in vitro. In contrast, cytosolic extracts from purified nonparenchymal liver cells had no effect. Arginase and very‐low‐density lipoprotein were previously identified as two immunoinhibitory substances present in liver cytosolic extracts.

Pauline de la M. Hall, Mark A. Jenner, Michael J. Ahern – 1 November 1991 – We undertook a dose‐response study in Wistar rats to develop an animal model for methotrexate hepatotoxicity. Rats were given oral methotrexate in 300, 200, 150 and 100 m̈g/kg/day doses for variable lengths of time. The 300 m̈g/kg/day dose produced systemic toxicity; the animals needed to be killed early, and hepatotoxicity was not observed.