The circulating microbiome signature and inferred functional metagenomics in alcoholic hepatitis

Puneet Puri, Suthat Liangpunsakul, Jeffrey E. Christensen, Vijay H. Shah, Patrick S. Kamath, Gregory J. Gores, Susan Walker, Megan Comerford, Barry Katz, Andrew Borst, Qigui Yu, Divya P. Kumar, Faridoddin Mirshahi, Svetlana Radaeva, Naga P. Chalasani, David W. Crabb, Arun J. Sanyal, for the TREAT Consortium – 30 October 2017 – Intestinal dysbiosis is implicated in alcoholic hepatitis (AH). However, changes in the circulating microbiome, its association with the presence and severity of AH, and its functional relevance in AH is unknown.

The role of human cytochrome P450 2E1 in liver inflammation and fibrosis

Jun Xu, Hsiao‐Yen Ma, Shuang Liang, Mengxi Sun, Gabriel Karin, Yukinori Koyama, Ronglin Hu, Oswald Quehenberger, Nicholas O. Davidson, Edward A. Dennis, Tatiana Kisseleva, David A. Brenner – 30 October 2017 – Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) plays an important role in alcohol and toxin metabolism by catalyzing the conversion of substrates into more polar metabolites and producing reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species‐induced oxidative stress promotes hepatocyte injury and death, which in turn induces inflammation, activation of hepatic stellate cells, and liver fibrosis.

Can negligible hepatic steatosis determined by magnetic resonance imaging–proton density fat fraction obviate the need for liver biopsy in potential liver donors?

Janakan Satkunasingham, Hooman Hosseini Nik, Sandra Fischer, Ravi Menezes, Nazia Selzner, Mark Cattral, David Grant, Kartik Jhaveri – 28 October 2017 – The purpose of this study is to determine whether magnetic resonance (MR)–proton density fat fraction (PDFF) estimate of negligible hepatic fat percentage (<5%) can exclude significant hepatic steatosis (≥10%) in living liver donor candidates obviating the need for liver biopsy and to perform intraindividual comparisons between MR‐PDFF techniques for hepatic steatosis quantification.

Next generation sequencing in pediatric hepatology and liver transplantation

Emanuele Nicastro, Lorenzo D'Antiga – 28 October 2017 – Next generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the analysis of human genetic variations, offering a highly cost‐effective way to diagnose monogenic diseases (MDs). Because nearly half of the children with chronic liver disorders have a genetic cause and approximately 20% of pediatric liver transplantations are performed in children with MDs, NGS offers the opportunity to significantly improve the diagnostic yield in this field.

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