Hepatic leukocyte immunoglobulin‐like receptor B4 (LILRB4) attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via SHP1‐TRAF6 pathway

Yao Lu, Zhou Jiang, Haijiang Dai, Rujia Miao, Jingxian Shu, Haotian Gu, Xing Liu, Zhijun Huang, Guoping Yang, Alex F. Chen, Hong Yuan, Ying Li, Jingjing Cai – 1 November 2017 – Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly prevalent liver pathology characterized by hepatic steatosis and commonly accompanied by systematic inflammation and metabolic disorder. Despite an accumulating number of studies, no pharmacological strategy is available to treat this condition in the clinic.

MicroRNA‐21 and Dicer are dispensable for hepatic stellate cell activation and the development of liver fibrosis

Jorge Matias Caviglia, Jun Yan, Myoung‐Kuk Jang, Geum‐Youn Gwak, Silvia Affo, Lexing Yu, Peter Olinga, Richard A. Friedman, Xin Chen, Robert F. Schwabe – 1 November 2017 – Fibrosis and cancer represent two major complications of chronic liver disease. MicroRNAs have been implicated in the development of fibrosis and cancer, thus constituting potential therapeutic targets.

A risk score to predict the development of hepatic encephalopathy in a population‐based cohort of patients with cirrhosis

Elliot B. Tapper, Neehar D. Parikh, Neil Sengupta, Jessica Mellinger, David Ratz, Anna S.‐F. Lok, Grace L. Su – 1 November 2017 – Over 40% of patients with cirrhosis will develop hepatic encephalopathy (HE). HE is associated with decreased survival, falls, motor vehicle accidents, and frequent hospitalization. Accordingly, we aimed to develop a tool to risk‐stratify patients for HE development.

Combinatorial genetics in liver repopulation and carcinogenesis with a in vivo CRISPR activation platform

Kirk J. Wangensteen, Yue J. Wang, Zhixun Dou, Amber W. Wang, Elham Mosleh‐Shirazi, Max A. Horlbeck, Luke A. Gilbert, Jonathan S. Weissman, Shelley L. Berger, Klaus H. Kaestner – 1 November 2017 – Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated 9 activation (CRISPRa) systems have enabled genetic screens in cultured cell lines to discover and characterize drivers and inhibitors of cancer cell growth.

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