Abundance of Cytochromes in Hepatic Extracellular Vesicles Is Altered by Drugs Related With Drug‐Induced Liver Injury

Laura Palomo, Justyna Emilia Mleczko, Mikel Azkargorta, Javier Conde‐Vancells, Esperanza González, Felix Elortza, Félix Royo, Juan M. Falcon‐Perez – 23 August 2018 – Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a serious worldwide health problem that accounts for more than 50% of acute liver failure. There is a great interest in clinical diagnosis and pharmaceutical industry to elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms and find noninvasive biomarkers for this pathology. Cell‐secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have provided a new biological source to identify low disease invasive markers.

mTOR Signaling in X/A‐Like Cells Contributes to Lipid Homeostasis in Mice

Ziru Li, Ruili Yu, Wenzhen Yin, Yan Qin, Liangxiao Ma, Michael Mulholland, Weizhen Zhang – 23 August 2018 – Gastric mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is inversely associated with the expression and secretion of ghrelin, a 28‐aa peptide hormone produced by gastric X/A‐like cells. Ghrelin contributes to obesity and hepatic steatosis. We sought to control global lipid metabolism via the manipulation of gastric mTOR signaling in X/A‐like cells. We established a ghrl‐cre transgene in which the Cre enzyme is expressed in X/A‐like cells under the control of the ghrelin‐promoter.

Integrating the Epigenome to Identify Drivers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Ryan A. Hlady, Aishwarya Sathyanarayan, Joyce J. Thompson, Dan Zhou, Qunfeng Wu, Kien Pham, Jeong‐Heon Lee, Chen Liu, Keith D. Robertson – 22 August 2018 – Disruption of epigenetic mechanisms has been intimately linked to the etiology of human cancer. Understanding how these epigenetic mechanisms (including DNA methylation [5mC], hydroxymethylation [5hmC], and histone post‐translational modifications) work in concert to drive cancer initiation and progression remains unknown. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in frequency in Western countries but lacks efficacious treatments.

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