Page Axley, Zunirah Ahmed, Sumant Arora, Allen Haas, Yong‐Fang Kuo, Patrick S. Kamath, Ashwani K. Singal – 12 March 2019 – Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by multiple organ failure (OF) with high short‐term mortality. There is lack of population‐based data on trends on etiology specific ACLF related burden. National Inpatient Sample (2006‐2014) was queried using ICD‐09 codes for admissions with cirrhosis and ACLF (≥2 extrahepatic OF).

Manisha Verma, Jay Horrow, Victor Navarro – 12 March 2019 – Alcohol use disorder, substance abuse, and depression are illnesses that deteriorate the quality of life (QOL) of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Screening and behavioral health programs integrated into routine practice can mitigate the deleterious effects of such illnesses but have not been adopted in hepatology practices. We implemented a behavioral health program based on the Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) model and assessed its acceptability and effectiveness in improving QOL.

Erik L. Lum, Andrés Cárdenas, Paul Martin, Suphamai Bunnapradist – 12 March 2019 – On August 10, 2017, a formal policy was enacted in the United States that defined listing criteria for simultaneous liver‐kidney transplantation and priority for patients who received a liver transplantation (LT) and subsequently developed significant kidney disease after LT. This article reviews and summarizes the rationale for such policies, the policies themselves, and the potential impact on LT candidates.

Ryutaro Hirose – 12 March 2019

Daniel Rizzolo, Kyle Buckley, Bo Kong, Le Zhan, Jianliang Shen, Mary Stofan, Anita Brinker, Michael Goedken, Brian Buckley, Grace L. Guo – 12 March 2019 – Bile acids (BAs) are diverse molecules that are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. The synthesis of BAs has traditionally been shown to occur through two pathways. Cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase (CYP7A1) performs the initial and rate‐limiting step in the classical pathway, and sterol 27‐hydroxylase (CYP27A1) initiates the hydroxylation of cholesterol in the alternative pathway.

Felicity Rhian Williams, Alice Vallance, Thomas Faulkner, Jennifer Towey, Simon Durman, Derek Kyte, Ahmed Mohamed Elsharkawy, Thamara Perera, Andrew Holt, James Ferguson, Janet M. Lord, Matthew James Armstrong – 11 March 2019 – Frailty is associated with increased mortality both before and after liver transplantation (LT). There are no standardized exercise programs, in particular home‐based exercise programs (HBEPs), for patients awaiting LT. The aim was to investigate the feasibility of such a program in patients awaiting LT.

Jiatao Liu, Lulu Fan, Hanqing Yu, Ju Zhang, Yong He, Dechun Feng, Fang Wang, Xiaoqiu Li, Qingqing Liu, Yuhuan Li, Zhenli Guo, Bin Gao, Wei Wei, Hua Wang, Guoping Sun – 10 March 2019 – Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress promotes tumor cell escape from immunosurveillance. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that ER stress induces hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to release exosomes, which attenuate antitumor immunity by modulating the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in macrophages.

Virginia Hernández‐Gea, Juan Carlos Garcia‐Pagan – 10 March 2019

Chan Wang, Xiaodong Zheng, Peng Jiang, Ruqi Tang, Yuhua Gong, Yaping Dai, Lan Wang, Ping Xu, Wenjuan Sun, Lu Wang, Chongxu Han, Yuzhang Jiang, Yiran Wei, Kui Zhang, Jian Wu, Youlin Shao, Yueqiu Gao, Jianjiang Yu, Zhigang Hu, Zhidong Zang, Yi Zhao, Xudong Wu, Na Dai, Lei Liu, Jinshan Nie, Bo Jiang, Maosong Lin, Li Li, You Li, Sufang Chen, Lixin Shu, Fang Qiu, Qiuyuan Wu, Mingming Zhang, Ru Chen, Rohil Jawed, Yu Zhang, Xingjuan Shi, Zhen Zhu, Hao Pei, Lihua Huang, Weifeng Zhao, Ye Tian, Xiang Zhu, Hong Qiu, M. Eric Gershwin, Weichang Chen, Michael F.

Eduardo Vilar‐Gomez, Naga Chalasani – 10 March 2019