CD8+ T Cells Promote Maturation of Liver‐Resident NK Cells Through the CD70‐CD27 axis

Lu Bai, Hui Peng, Xiaolei Hao, Ling Tang, Cheng Sun, Meijuan Zheng, Fubao Liu, Zhexiong Lian, Li Bai, Haiming Wei, Rui Sun, Zhigang Tian – 11 May 2019 – Liver‐resident natural killer (LrNK) cells are a unique subset of NK cells that are distinct from conventional NK cells. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which LrNK cells mature. In this study, we discovered that LrNK cells exhibit a relatively immature phenotype and impaired cytotoxic capacity in the absence of CD8+ T cells.

Deficient IL‐6/Stat3 Signaling, High TLR7, and Type I Interferons in Early Human Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Triad for Liver Damage and Fibrosis

Peter Stärkel, Bernd Schnabl, Sophie Leclercq, Mina Komuta, Ramon Bataller, Josepmaria Argemi, Elena Palma, Shilpa Chokshi, Claus Hellerbrand, Luca Maccioni, Nicolas Lanthier, Isabelle Leclercq – 10 May 2019 – Mechanisms underlying alcohol‐induced liver injury and its progression still remain incompletely understood. Animal models can only address some aspects of the pathophysiology that requires studies directly in humans, which are scarce.

Deficient IL‐6/Stat3 Signaling, High TLR7, and Type I Interferons in Early Human Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Triad for Liver Damage and Fibrosis

Peter Stärkel, Bernd Schnabl, Sophie Leclercq, Mina Komuta, Ramon Bataller, Josepmaria Argemi, Elena Palma, Shilpa Chokshi, Claus Hellerbrand, Luca Maccioni, Nicolas Lanthier, Isabelle Leclercq – 10 May 2019 – Mechanisms underlying alcohol‐induced liver injury and its progression still remain incompletely understood. Animal models can only address some aspects of the pathophysiology that requires studies directly in humans, which are scarce.

LiverLearning®: 2019 Webinar: Management of NAFLD: Integrating Strategies from Obesity Medicine into Clinical Practice

NAFLD is an increasing public health crisis. Although there are no FDA approved medications for the treatment of NAFLD, it is well established that weight loss can improve the metabolic and histologic parameters associated with NAFLD. This webinar will identify key lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, and the role of bariatric surgery in obesity management in patients with NAFLD.

Proteasomal Degradation of Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 in Cholangiocytes Promotes Biliary Fibrosis

Nidhi Jalan‐Sakrikar, Thiago M. De Assuncao, Guang Shi, Sayed Obaidullah Aseem, Cheng Chi, Vijay H. Shah, Robert C. Huebert – 9 May 2019 – During biliary disease, cholangiocytes become activated by various pathological stimuli, including transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β). The result is an epigenetically regulated transcriptional program leading to a pro‐fibrogenic microenvironment, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and progression of biliary fibrosis.

Unexpected Rapid Increase in the Burden of NAFLD in China From 2008 to 2018: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Feng Zhou, Jianghua Zhou, Wenxin Wang, Xiao‐Jing Zhang, Yan‐Xiao Ji, Peng Zhang, Zhi‐Gang She, Lihua Zhu, Jingjing Cai, Hongliang Li – 9 May 2019 – With rapid lifestyle transitions, the increasing burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in China has emerged as a major public health issue. To obtain a comprehensive overview of the status of NAFLD over the past decade, we evaluated the epidemiology, risk factors, complications, and management of NAFLD in China through a systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Exosomal Transport of Hepatocyte‐Derived Drug‐Modified Proteins to the Immune System

Monday O. Ogese, Rosalind E. Jenkins, Kareena Adair, Arun Tailor, Xiaoli Meng, Lee Faulkner, Bright O. Enyindah, Amy Schofield, Rafael Diaz‐Nieto, Lorenzo Ressel, Gina L. Eagle, Neil R. Kitteringham, Chris E. Goldring, B. Kevin Park, Dean J. Naisbitt, Catherine Betts – 9 May 2019 – Idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare, often difficult‐to‐predict adverse reaction with complex pathomechanisms. However, it is now evident that certain forms of DILI are immune‐mediated and may involve the activation of drug‐specific T cells.

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