Alan F. Hofmann – 1 September 1984 – Bile contains four calcium anions which are readily precipitated by calcium: bilirubinate, “palmitate”, carbonate and phosphate. Precipitation of insoluble calcium salts is common in calculous biliary disease. All animal models of calcium cholelithiasis probably share a common pathogenesis‐an increased concentration of a calcium‐sensitive anion. In calcium bilirubinate cholelithiasis, an increased concentration of bilirubinate occurs.

Johannes Gaub, Johan Iversen – 1 September 1984 – In previous studies, 90% partial hepatectomy in the rat was invariably accompanied by 100% mortality within 40 hr. This paper describes a technique by which 90% of the liver mass can be removed with only 14% mortality, provided that rats have free access to glucose‐containing drinking water. Measurements of total liver DNA, [3H]thymidine labeling index and mitotic index suggest rapid cell proliferation, commensurate with a powerful regenerative stimulus.

Lisa Lo Presti – 1 September 1984

Steven M. Strasberg, P. Robert C. Harvey, Steven Gallinger – 1 September 1984 – Difficulties in obtaining proper bile samples are due to inaccessibility of the biliary tree and to distortions induced by sampling methods. One must be cognizant of the effects of diet on bile secretion and gallbladder motility. Experimental methods which interrupt the enterohepatic circulation or alter the intestinal migrating myoelectric complex induce spurious changes in bile flow and composition. Biliary tract pressure‐flow relationships must be maintained or the gallbladder will be made functionless.

Alan F. Hofmann – 1 September 1984 – A brief review is given of the chemistry of bile acids, emphasizing the relationship between chemical structure, physical properties and enterohepatic cycling of the major primary and secondary bile acids. Features of the enterohepatic circulation of primary and secondary bile acids in man are summarized. The effects of bile acid feeding on the composition of the enterohepatic circulation in man are reviewed. Methods for characterizing the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in man are tabulated.

Martin C. Carey – 1 September 1984 – The number, position and orientation of nuclear OH substituents profoundly influence the equilibrium solubilities of undissociated bile acids in water. Estimates from several studies range from 5 × 10″8 for lithocholic acid to 1.6 × 10−3 Af for ursocholic acid at 37°C. Fully dissociated sodium bile salts are extremely soluble in water, attaining values as high as 1 to 2 M. However, ionized unconjugated bile salts are appreciably less soluble than their glycine and taurine conjugates.

Aldo Roda, Adamo Fini – 1 September 1984 – The aqueous solubility and thermodynamic dissociation constants of a representative series of bile acids with varying numbers and configuration of nuclear hydroxyl substituents were determined. The pKa values were calculated by extrapolating pKa' values determined in solutions of aqueous methanol of different mole fractions at 25o C.

Yves Deugnier, Véronique David, Pierre Brissot, Philippe Mabo, Damien Delamaire, Michel Messner, Michel Bourel, Jean‐Yves Legall – 1 September 1984 – α‐L‐fucosidase, a lysosomal enzyme which catabolizes fucoproteins, was studied in sera from 30 controls, 32 patients with primary hepatic carcinomas, 24 patients with secondary metastatic liver carcinomas and 36 patients with cirrhosis.

Alan M. Leichtner, Monty Krieger, Alan L. Schwartz – 1 September 1984 – Low density lipoprotein (LDL) processing was investigated in a human hepatoma‐derived cell line, Hep G2. Hep G2 cells bound, internalized and degraded LDL via a saturable, high affinity (Kd — 2 ± 10−8M) pathway similar to that present in other mammalian cells. Although 80% of the uptake and degradation of 125I‐LDL was inhibited by 40‐fold excess native LDL, the same concentration of methylated LDL, which cannot bind to LDL receptors, had virtually no effect on processing.

Bruce A. Runyon, John C. Hoefs, Carmen Viola, Lydia Viñeta, Jaime Bosch, Juan Rodés – 1 September 1984