John J. Brems, Jeffery Reese, Robert Kane, Donald L. Kaminski – 1 September 1991 – Cyclosporine and hydrocortisone are the main immunosuppressants used in transplant surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intravenous administration of cyclosporine and hydrocortisone on bile flow in dogs. Cyclosporine in doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg · kg−1 · hr−1 and hydrocortisone in doses of 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg · kg−1 · hr−1 were administered along with 18 μmol/min intravenous sodium taurocholate to dogs with chronic biliary and gastric fistulas.

1 August 1991

Joseph Y. Sung, Eldon A. Shaffer, Merle E. Olson, Joseph W. C. Leung, Kan Lam, J. William Costerton – 1 August 1991 – It has been suggested that bacteria in the intestine gain access into the biliary tract by entering the portal‐venous blood. We have tested the hypothesis of hematogenous infection of the biliary system in cats. The animals were treated in three different groups: group A (no biliary obstruction), group B (acute biliary obstruction) and group C (chronic biliary obstruction).

Dario Sorrentino, Karen Van Ness, Isabela Ribeiro, Charles M. Miller – 1 August 1991 – Although several studies suggest that hepatic graft failure after cold ischemia results from nonparenchymal cell damage, other data indicate that hepatocellular ATP content is significantly correlated with the transplantation success rate.

Tünde E. Felker, Donald Gantz, Anna M. Tercyak, Cheryl Oliva, Susanne Bennett Clark, Donald M. Small – 1 August 1991 – Isolated rat livers were perfused with an oxygenated perfluorocarbon emulsion, FC‐43 emulsion for 1 to 4 hr. FC‐43 emulsion contained 20% FC‐43 (wt/vol) perfluorotributylamine (the fluorocarbon component for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide) emulsified with 2.56% Pluronic F‐68 (a nonionic surfactant) in Krebs‐Ringer bicarbonate buffer. FC‐43 emulsion also contained 3% hydroxyethyl starch as an oncotic agent and 1.8 mg/ml glucose.

Craig J. McClain – 1 August 1991 – Study Objective: To determine whether elevated tumor necrosis factor levels contribute to the clinical manifestations and complications of severe acute alcoholic hepatitis and to evaluate the relation between tumor necrosis factor and plasma levels of endotoxin and interleukin‐1β.

1 August 1991

William F. Carman, Elizabeth A. Fagan, Stephanos Hadziyannis, Peter Karayianni, Nicolaos C. Tassopoulos, Roger Williams, Howard C. Thomas – 1 August 1991 – A variant of hepatitis B virus has been described recently in HBsAg+ Mediterranean patients who lack HBeAg and who have an unusual and severe form of chronic hepatitis. This variant is unable to produce HBeAg because of the presence of a novel translational stop codon at the end of the precore region of the genome.

Frank Autschbach, Stefan C. Meuer, Ulrich Moebius, Michael Manns, Georg Hess, Karl‐Hermann Meyer Zum Büschenfelde, Wolfgang Thoenes, Hans‐Peter Dienes – 1 August 1991 – T lymphocyte—mediated cytolytic immune reactions are considered a major cause of hepatocyte injury in chronic viral and autoimmune hepatitis.

Richard Eastell, E. Rolland Dickson, Stephen F. Hodgson, Russell H. Wiesner, Michael K. Porayko, Heinz W. Wahner, Sandra L. Cedel, B. Lawrence Riggs, Ruud A. F. Krom – 1 August 1991 – Atraumatic fractures caused by osteoporosis may be a serious complication of primary biliary cirrhosis. Mean (± S.D.) bone mineral density in the lumbar spine in 210 ambulatory women with primary biliary cirrhosis was 1.02 ± 0.19 gm/cm2, 7% lower than that in 139 age‐matched normal women (after adjustment for age and body weight) (p < 0.001).