Increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 on bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis

David H. Adams, Stefan G. Hubscher, Jean Shaw, Gerald D. Johnson, Christopher Babbs, Robert Rothlein, James M. Neuberger – 1 September 1991 – It has been suggested that immunological mechanisms involving lymphocyte‐mediated damage are important in the characteristic bile‐duct damage that occurs in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Inhibition of glutathione synthesis in the liver leads to S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine synthetase reduction

Fernando Corrales, Pilar Ochoa, Carmen Rivas, Manuel Martin‐Lomas, José M. Mato, Maria A. Pajares – 1 September 1991 – The hepatic levels of glutathione in rats treated with buthionine sulfoximine (4 mmol/kg), an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, were 72.5% ± 4.9% of those determined in control animals. This decrease in glutathione concentration was prevented by the administration of glutathione monoethyl ester (7.5 mmol/kg). S‐Adenosyl‐L‐methionine‐synthetase activity in the liver of rats treated with buthionine sulfoximine was 39.4% ± 6.5% of that determined in control animals.

The lack of relationship between hepatotoxicity and lithocholic‐acid sulfation in biliary bile acids during chenodiol therapy in the national cooperative gallstone study

Rosemarie L. Fisher, Alan F. Hofmann, James L. Converse, Steven S. Rossi, Shu‐Ping Lan – 1 September 1991 – To test whether hepatotoxicity occurring in National Cooperative Gallstone Study patients was caused by a toxic effect of chenodiol per se or of lithocholate caused by defective sulfation, bile samples were analyzed using a new high‐performance liquid chromatography method that measures the proportions of the four individual lithocholate amidates (sulfated and unsulfated lithocholylglycine and lithocholyltaurine) and all common bile acid amidates.

Sexual function and testosterone levels in men with nonalcoholic liver disease

Abraham Zifroni, Raul C. Schiavi, Fenton Schaffner – 1 September 1991 – The effects of nonalcoholic liver disease on sexual desire, arousal, activity, orgasmic function and satisfaction and serum testosterone levels were studied in 75 men with nonalcoholic liver disease. Each man was interviewed about his sexual behavior and problems and was asked to comment on whether he felt liver disease affected his sexual function. The average age of the patients was 49 yr, and a wide variety of liver diseases was represented.

Split‐liver transplantation: One plus one doesn't always equal two

Robert M. Merion, Darrell A. Campbell – 1 September 1991 – Surgical reduction of donor livers to treat small children has been performed successfully in several centers. While this procedure improves the allocation of livers, it does not increase the organ supply. We have extended reduced‐size orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) to treat 18 patients with 9 livers, accounting for 26% of our transplants during a 10‐month period and have evaluated the results. In 18 split liver OLTs, patient survival was 67% and graft survival was 50%.

Light‐ and electron‐microscopical study of a case of gold salt—induced hepatotoxicity

Gerald M. Fleischner, Rachel Morecki, Takamasa Hanaichi, Hisao Hayashi, Nelson Quintana, Irmin Sternlieb – 1 September 1991 – A 56‐yr‐old woman with long‐standing rheumatoid arthritis exhibited jaundice, pruritus and abdominal discomfort after 8 yr of periodic gold sodium thiomalate injections amounting to a cumulative dose in excess of 2.5 gm. Histopathological examination of the liver biopsy specimen showed submassive loss of parenchyma, collapse of reticulin and mixed cellular inflammatory infiltrates.

Accurate prediction of death by serial determination of galactose elimination capacity in primary biliary cirrhosis: A comparison with the mayo model

Jürg Reichen, Thomas Widmer, Jacques Cotting – 1 September 1991 – We retrospectively analyzed the predictive accuracy of serial determinations of galactose elimination capacity in 61 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Death was predicted from the time that the regression line describing the decline in galactose elimination capacity vs. time intersected a value of 4 mg · min−1 · kg−1. Thirty‐one patients exhibited decreasing galactose elimination capacity; in 11 patients it remained stable and in 19 patients only one value was available.

Thymosin treatment of chronic hepatitis B: A placebo‐controlled pilot trial

Milton G. Mutchnick, Henry D. Appelman, H. T. Chung, Emma Aragona, Tej P. Gupta, Glen D. Cummings, Jeanne G. Waggoner, Jay H. Hoofnagle, David A. Shafritz – 1 September 1991 – Chronic hepatitis B is a severe and frequently progressive disease. We assessed the safety and efficacy of thymosin fraction 5 and thymosin‐α1 in a prospective, placebo‐controlled trial in 12 patients with chronic hepatitis B. All patients had histological and biochemical evidence of active liver disease for at least 6 mo before treatment and were positive for serum hepatitis B virus DNA and HBsAg.

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