Pietro Lampertico, Mariagrazia Rumi, Raffaella Romeo, Antonio Craxi, Roberta Soffredini, Daniela Biassoni, Massimo Colombo – 1 January 1994 – To assess whether interferon‐α might prevent non‐A, non‐B hepatitis from becoming chronic, 45 consecutive patients with transfusion‐associated hepatitis were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. Thirty‐eight patients had hepatitis C virus infection, and 7 had non‐A, non‐B, non‐C hepatitis. Twenty‐six patients (22 with HCV) were given 3 MU of recombinant interferon‐α2b three times a week for 12 wk, whereas 19 (16 with HCV) were not.

David H. van Thiel, Stefano Fagiuoli, Harlan I. Wright, Mei‐Chen Chien, Judith S. Gavaler – 1 January 1994 – Chronic hepatic encephalopathy is highly responsive to changes in diet, to antibiotic therapy and to ingestion of nondigestible disaccharides. The precise pathophysiology of chronic hepatic encephalopathy in individual cases is highly variable, although ammonia toxicity and production of neurotransmitterlike substances in the gut have been proposed to contribute to the overall syndrome of chronic hepatic encephalopathy.

Geoffrey Dusheiko, Hemda Schmilovitz‐Weiss, David Brown, Fiona McOmish, Pong‐Lee Yap, Sheila Sherlock, Neil McIntyre, Peter Simmonds – 1 January 1994 – Because of the nucleotide sequence diversity of different isolates of hepatitis C virus, it has become important to clarify whether distinct genotypes of hepatitis C virus vary with respect to pathogenicity, infectivity, response to antiviral therapy and geographic clustering.

1 January 1994

Anton Chekhov, Michael R. Lucey – 1 January 1994

Francis Schneider, Philippe Lutun, Karim Boudjema, Philippe Wolf, Jean‐Daniel Tempé – 1 January 1994 – Nitric oxide and atrial natriuretic peptides are the main activators of guanylyl cyclases, which transform ITP into cyclic GMP and thereby contribute to the decrease of vascular tone.

Koteswara R. Chintalacharuvu, Anthony S. Tavill, Loizos N. Louis, Jean‐Pierre Vaerman, Michael E. Lamm, Charlotte S. Kaetzel – 1 January 1994 – The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor on rat hepatocytes binds dimeric IgA on the sinusoidal surface and mediates its transport to the canaliculus, where the complex of dimeric IgA and secretory component, the cleaved extracellular domain of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, is secreted into bile.

Giulio Diodati, Paola Bonetti, Franco Noventa, Carla Casarin, Massimo Rugge, Sergio Scaccabarozzi, Alessandro Tagger, Lucio Pollice, Federico Tremolada, Cristina Davite, Giuseppe Realdi, Arturo Ruol – 1 January 1994 – Sixty consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C were included in a randomized controlled trial of recombinant human interferon‐α2a vs. no treatment. Treated patients received tapering doses of interferon thrice weekly for 1 yr.

Jeffrey D. Rothstein – 1 January 1994

Robert G. Lamb, John C. Koch, Jack W. Snyder, Shiva M. Huband, Suzanne R. Bush – 1 January 1994 – Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes were incubated (6 to 96 hr) with 50 to 150 mmol/L ethanol, 0.5 mmol/L linoleate, 0.5 mmol/L palmitate, 0.5 mmol/L 4‐methylpyrazole, 0 to 25 μmol/L vitamin E phosphate or selected combinations of these agents.