William F. Balistreri – 1 March 1994 – “When medicine has really succeeded brilliantly in technology, as in immunization or endocrine‐replacement therapy, so that the therapeutic measures can be directed straight at the underlying disease mechanism and are decisively effective, the cost is likely to be very low indeed. It is when our technologies have to be applied halfway along against the progress of disease, or must be brought in after the fact to shore up the loss of destroyed tissue, that health care becomes enormously expensive.

Raymond S. Koff – 1 March 1994

Deborah E. Sullivan, Michael A. Gerber – 1 March 1994 – Persistent infection by hepatitis C virus is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, but the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis is unknown. To study the association of hepatitis C virus with hepatocellular carcinoma, we sequenced part of the 5′ untranslated region of hepatitis C virus from the tumor tissue and the surrounding nontumorous liver of three patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. No sequence differences between tumor‐derived and liver‐derived hepatitis C virus isolates were detected.

Wan‐Long Chuang, Masao Omata, Toshiki Ehata, Osamu Yokosuka, Kazuhiko Hosoda, Fumio Imazeki, Masao Ohto – 1 March 1994 – The precore mutant hepatitis B virus often emerges from a mixed infection with combined wild‐type and precore mutant viruses. Nevertheless, the precore mutant does not seem to be an evolutionarily favored strain.

Anna Linda Zignego, Marco Foschi, Giacomo Laffi, Monica Monti, Grazia Careccia, Roberto Giulio Romanelli, Enrichetta de Majo, Roberto Mazzanti, Giampiero Buzzelli, Giorgio la Villa, Paolo Gentilini – 1 March 1994 – We evaluated hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis C virus RNA in sera from 110 HBsAg and IgM HBc antibody–negative heavy drinkers (50 cirrhosis, 13 chronic active hepatitis, 25 fatty liver with or without mild to moderate fibrosis, alcoholic hepatitis or both and 22 healthy alcoholic subjects) with polymerase chain reaction.

Mark Feitelson, Laura Lega, Juanhui Guo, Massimo Resti, Maria E. Rossi, Chiara Azzari, Baruch S. Blumberg, Alberto Vierucci – 1 March 1994 – The pathogenesis of posttransfusion hepatitis was determined in 14 children with β‐thalassemia. All had blood samples obtained in 1980 or 1981, were vaccinated against hepatitis B virus in 1983 and had another serum sample collected in 1989. Seven children had detectable antibodies against hepatitis C virus before vaccination, and all were positive in 1989.

Moritaka Goto, Yoshiyuki Takei, Sunao Kawano, Kouichi Nagano, Shingo Tsuji, Eiji Masuda, Yoshiya Nishimura, Shigetoshi Okumura, Toru Kashiwagi, Hideyuki Fusamoto, Takenobu Kamada – 1 March 1994 – Hepatic microcirculatory perturbation is observed after ischemia/reperfusion. Endothelin‐1, a potent vasoconstrictive peptide, is known to modulate local circulation. This study was designed to examine whether endothelin‐1 participates in the mechanism of microcirculatory disturbance and damage of the liver after ischemia/reperfusion.

Michael L. Booker, Wayne W. Lamorte – 1 March 1994 – Lysolecithin has been implicated as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of cholecystitis and cholesterol cholelithiasis. The phospholipases are key enzymes in the generation of a number of metabolites including lysolecithin, but conflicting reports exist concerning the presence of these enzymes in the biliary tract.

1 March 1994

Michael L. Schilsky, I. Herbert Scheinberg, Irmin Sternlieb – 1 March 1994 – The objective of this study was to determine the indications for and results of liver transplantation in patients with Wilson's disease on the basis of results of a survey with retrospective review of data obtained on 55 transplants performed at centers in the United States and Europe. The study group comprised 32 females and 23 males, aged 8.5 to 51 yr, with features diagnostic of Wilson's disease.