Haruhiko Kobashi, Kazuhide Yamamoto, Toshifumi Yoshioka, Minoru Tomita, Takao Tsuji – 1 June 1994 – Neonatally thymectomized mice are unique in that they are prone to organ‐specific autoimmune diseases. We investigated whether autoimmune cholangitis could be induced in these mice when they were immunized with biliary antigens. Neonatally thymectomized A/J mice were immunized with porcine intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells (group 1), porcine gallbladder epithelial cells (group 2), porcine splenocytes (group 3) or Freund's adjuvant (group 4).

Mark J. Czaja, Jun Xu, Yue Ju, Elaine Alt, Phyllis Schmiedeberg – 1 May 1994 – Endogenous lipopolysaccharide has been implicated as a cofactor in the hepatocellular injury and death resulting from toxic liver injury. To prevent this lipopolysaccharide‐induced injury and to further understand the mechanism of this effect, an anti‐lipopolysaccharide antibody was administered to rats in which toxic hepatocellular injury was induced. Rats were given the hepatotoxin galactosamine together with an isotypic control antibody B55 or the anti‐lipopolysaccharide antibody E5.

Stephan Krähenbühl, Christine Talos, Jürg Reichen – 1 May 1994 – Hepatic metabolism of fatty acids is impaired in experimental animals with long‐term bile duct ligation. To characterize the underlying defects, fatty acid metabolism was investigated in isolated hepatocytes and isolated liver mitochondria from rats subjected to long‐term bile duct ligation or sham surgery. After starvation for 24 hr, the plasma β‐hydroxy‐butyrate concentration was decreased in rats with bile duct ligation as compared with control rats.

Ramon Gomis, Josefa Fernández‐Alvarez, Pilar Pizcueta, Mercedes Fernández, Roser Casamitjana, Jaume Bosch, Joan Rodés – 1 May 1994 – Increased circulating insulin and glucagon levels are a common observation in patients with cirrhosis, as well as in portal hypertensive models. Hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia may be caused either by increased beta‐ and alpha‐cell secretion or by defective hepatic clearance of these hormones.

Hari S. Conjeevaram, Alexander Nagle, Andrew Katz, Kristine Kaminsky‐Russ, Arthur J. McCullough, Kevin D. Mullen – 1 May 1994 – The portacaval shunt rat is often used as a model of human portal‐systemic encephalopathy, but its relevance to human portal‐systemic encephalopathy remains uncertain. Specifically, it has not been demonstrated that the behavioral changes seen in this model respond to measures known to improve portal‐systemic encephalopathy in human subjects.

Haruki Yamada, Gotaro Toda, Makoto Yoshiba, Naoaki Hashimoto, Yusei Ikeda, Hiroshi Mitsui, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, Fumio Sugata, Robin D. Hughes, Roger Williams – 1 May 1994 – Sera and ultrafiltrates (relative molecular mass<10,000 Da) from patients with fulminant liver failure inhibit hepatocyte DNA synthesis in vivo.

Jesús Villanueva, Carol J. Chandler, Nell Shimasaki, Anna B. Tang, Manabu Nakamura, Stephen D. Phinney, Charles H. Halsted – 1 May 1994 – The micropig model of chronic alcoholism was used to study the relationship of lipid composition and physical properties in three different tissue membranes from the same animals. Ethanol feeding reduced membrane anisotropy, as measured with the diphenylhexatriene probe, in liver plasma and kidney brush‐border membranes but not in jejunal brushborder membranes.

Howard M. Shulman, Lloyd B. Fisher, H. Gary Schoch, Kevin W. Henne, George B. McDonald – 1 May 1994 – We evaluated the relationship between the signs and symptoms of the clinical syndrome called venocclusive disease of the liver after bone marrow transplantation and the histological findings in 76 patients who later came to autopsy. Coded necropsy liver was scored for individual histological features that were correlated with prospectively assessed clinical features that the patients had exhibited during life.

Luca Mondazzi, Riccardo Bottelli, Giorgio Brambilla, Antonio Rampoldi, Indira Rezakovic, Claudio Zavaglia, Alberto Alberti, Gaetano Idèo – 1 May 1994 – A total of 84 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis were analyzed retrospectively to investigate prognostic factors. All patients received transarterial oily chemoembolization as the only anticancer therapy. The follow‐up range was 1 to 39 mo (median, 9.5 mo). The overall actuarial survival rates at 12, 24 and 30 mo were 62%, 31% and 24%, respectively.

Peter Simmonds, Alfredo Alberti, Harvey J. Alter, Ferruccio Bonino, Daniel W. Bradley, Christian Brechot, Johannes T. Brouwer, Shiu‐Wan Chan, Kazuaki Chayama, Ding‐Shinn Chen, Qui‐Lim Choo, Massimo Colombo, H. Theo M. Cuypers, Takayasu Date, Geoff M. Dusheiko, Juan I. Esteban, Oscar Fay, S. J. Hadziyannis, Jang Han, Angelos Hatzakis, Eddie C. Holmes, Hak Hotta, Michael Houghton, Bruce Irvine, Michinori Kohara, Janice A. Kolberg, George Kuo, Johnson Y. N. Lau, P. Nico Lelie, Geert Maertens, Fiona McOmish, Tatsuo Miyamura, Masashi Mizokami, Akio Nomoto, Alfred M. Prince, Henk W.