Leon J. Reinstein, Steven N. Lichtman, Robert T. Currin, Jian Wang, Ronald G. Thurman, John J. Lemasters – 1 June 1994 – In liver grafts that will fail as a result of storage injury, reperfusion activates Kupffer cells. Overproduction of tumor necrosis factor by activated Kupffer cells may cause primary graft nonfunction, multiple organ failure and, eventually, death of graft recipients. Carolina rinse solution, adenosine, nisoldipine, pentoxifylline and prostaglandin E1 reduce graft failure from storage/reperfusion injury.

Hirofumi Takahashi, Toshiji Saibara, Shinichi Iwamura, Akira Tomita, Takashi Maeda, Saburo Onishi, Yasutake Yamamoto, Hideaki Enzan – 1 June 1994 – The serum level of α‐L‐fucosidase activity has been suggested as a useful marker in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, although the precise mechanism behind the elevation of this parameter has not been determined.

Timothy M. McCashland, Jeremiah P. Donovan, Andree Amelsberg, Steven S. Rossi, Alan F. Hofmann, Byers W. Shaw, Eamonn M. M. Quigley – 1 June 1994 – Bile acid metabolism and biliary secretion were characterized in the first 2 wk after orthotopic liver transplantation in 15 patients receiving cyclosporine and in five patients receiving FK 506. Analyses were performed on hepatic bile obtained by T‐tube drainage; values obtained were compared with literature values for bile samples obtained in patients who had undergone cholecystectomy.

Ruth E. Joplin, Gerald D. Johnson, John B. Matthews, John Hamburger, J. Gordon Lindsay, Stefan G. Hubscher, Alastair J. Strain, James M. Neuberger – 1 June 1994 – Previous studies in which quantitative immunofluorescence was used have shown that certain biliary epithelial cells in liver with primary biliary cirrhosis show increased levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase compared with controls.

Naoki Hiramatsu, Norio Hayashi, Kazuhiro Katayama, Kiyoshi Mochizuki, Yuko Kawanishi, Akinori Kasahara, Hideyuki Fusamoto, Takenobu Kamada – 1 June 1994 – Apoptosis is a type of cell death that occurs in acute or chronic hepatitis. It has been suggested to be mediated through Fas antigen. To evaluate the role of apoptosis on liver injury of chronic hepatitis C, we studied the expressions of Fas antigen and hepatitis C virus antigen (core antigen) immunohistochemically.

Takeshi Tanaka, Kyoko Tsukiyama‐Kohara, Kenjiro Yamaguchi, Shintaro Yagi, Satoshi Tanaka, Akira Hasegawa, Yohsuke Ohta, Nobu Hattori, Michinori Kohara – 1 June 1994 – Group I and II hepatitis C virus genotypes were determined by a newly developed serological genotyping assay. This assay detected antibodies against group‐specific recombinant proteins in the putative NS4 protein region (amino acid no. 1676–1760) by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

J. Donald Ostrow – 1 June 1994

David T. Walden, Roger D. Soloway, Roger S. Crowther – 1 June 1994 – The aetiology of cancer of the extrahepatic bile duct is unknown. Gallstones have been proposed to be a risk factor on the basis of ecological and epidemiological evidence. As gallstones are formed in the gallbladder, the occurrence of extrahepatic bileduct cancer in patients after cholecystectomy is of interest.

Valeer J. Desmet, Michael Gerber, Jay H. Hoofnagle, Michael Manns, Peter J. Scheuer – 1 June 1994

Amin A. Nanji, Shuping Zhao, S. M. Hossein Sadrzadeh, David J. Waxman – 1 June 1994 – We evaluated the expression of interleukin‐1α, interleukin‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α and transforming growth factor‐β mRNAs in the intragastric‐feeding rat model of alcoholic liver disease. Rats were fed different diets for periods of 2 or 4 wk. Animals fed saturated fat and ethanol and the corn oil–dextrose control group had no liver injury, whereas animals fed corn oil and ethanol showed pathologic changes.