A percutaneous technique for venovenous bypass in orthotopic cadaver liver transplantation and comparison with the open technique

Scott R. Johnson, William F. Marterre, Maria H. Alonso, Douglas W. Hanto – 1 September 1996 – Venovenous bypass minimizes the hemodynamic alterations during the anhepatic phase of liver transplantation. A new technique for the percutaneous placement of the bypass cannulae is described and compared to the cut‐down (“open”) technique.

Concanavalin A induces perforin‐mediated but not Fas‐mediated hepatic injury

Y Watanabe, M Morita, T Akaike – 1 September 1996 – Concanavalin A (Con A) induces T‐cell‐mediated hepatic injury in vivo, although Con A‐stimulated lymphocytes are not cytotoxic to normal hepatocytes in vitro. This contradiction makes the mechanism of Con A‐induced hepatitis elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that Con A but not tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interferon γ (IFN‐γ), or actinomycin D (ActD) induced the susceptibility of hepatocytes to activated autologous lymphocyte cytotoxicity.

Expression of E‐selectin and E‐selectin ligands in human liver inflammation

D H Adams, S G Hubscher, N C Fisher, A Williams, M Robinson – 1 September 1996 – Lymphocyte recruitment to tissue is regulated by homing molecules expressed on subsets of leukocytes that bind to endothelial adhesion molecules termed addressins in target tissues. The addressins and homing molecules involved in recruiting lymphocytes to inflamed human liver are not known.

Apolipoprotein E4 genotype and gallbladder motility influence speed of gallstone clearance and risk of recurrence after extracorporeal shock‐wave lithotripsy

P Portincasa, K J van Erpecum, P C van de Meeberg, G M Dallinga‐Thie, T W A de Bruin, G P van Berge‐Henegouwen – 1 September 1996 – Extracorporeal shock‐wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is an effective treatment in selected gallstone patients, but stone recurrence is a major drawback. Factors potentially influencing gallstone clearance and recurrence were studied in 84 patients in whom stone dissolution was diagnosed after ESWL plus bile salt therapy for initial solitary (n = 55) or multiple (n = 29) radiolucent stones.

Stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis in cultured liver cells by CCl4

D E Johnston, C Kroening – 1 September 1996 – The contribution of hepatocytes to liver prostaglandin synthesis is controversial, partly because hepatocytes of varying purity have been studied. In this study, prostaglandin synthesis was examined in conventional and ricin‐purified rat hepatocytes that were incubated with gaseous carbon tetrachloride as a model stimulus for lipid peroxidation and prostaglandin synthesis. Hepatocytes that were incubated for 2 hours with 1 ml, of liquid CCl4/5 L gas volume showed no evidence of cell death or injury.

Hepatitis B virus mutations in the pre‐S genome before and after liver transplantatio

C Trautwein, H Schrem, H L Tillmann, S Kubicka, D Walker, K H Böker, H J Maschek, R Pichlmayr, M P Manns – 1 September 1996 – Mutational changes in the pre‐S region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were analyzed in 20 patients who experienced HBV reinfection after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). HBV DNA was extracted from patient sera before and after OLT. The pre‐S sequence was amplified via polymerase chain reaction, subcloned, sequenced, and analyzed.

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