Seiichiro Kamimura, Hidekazu Tsukamoto – 1 October 1995 – Kupffer cell‐derived cytokines are believed to play pivotal paracrine roles in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). To evaluate this hypothesis, Kupffer cell gene expression of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL)‐6, and transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGFβ1) were directly examined in the rat model of ALD. Kupffer cells were isolated from the model after 10 and 17 weeks of intragastric ethanol infusion. These two durations resulted in focal hepatocellular injury and liver fibrogenesis, respectively.

Anna S. F. Lok – 1 October 1995 – Objective: To estimate the cost‐effectiveness of interferon‐α2B for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection who are positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg).

1 October 1995

1 October 1995

1 October 1995

Masayoshi Yamauchi, Yoshihiko Maezawa, Yuji Mizuhara, Mitsuru Ohata, Junichi Hirakawa, Hisato Nakajima, Gotaro Toda – 1 October 1995 – Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrognase (ALDH), and P450IIE1 are the primary enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde and then to acetate. Genetic polymorphisms have been reported in ADH2, ADH3, ALDH2, and the 5′‐flanking region of P450IIEI.

Francis V. Chisari – 1 October 1995

1 October 1995

Carl L. Berg – 1 October 1995 – Crigler‐Najjar (CN) disease is classified into two subtypes, type I and II. The molecular basis for the difference between these types is not well understood.

Michael L. Schilsky – 1 October 1995 – The process of hepatobiliary copper (Cu) secretion is still poorly understood Cu secretion as a complex with glutathione and transport via a lysosomal pathway have been proposed. The recent cloning and sequencing of the gene for Wilson disease indicates that Cu transport in liver cells may be mediated by a Cu transporting Ptype ATPase. Biochemical evidence for ATP‐dependent Cu transport in mammalian systems, however, has not been reported so far.