Daniel Martinez‐Fong, Jerald E. Mullersman, Anthony F. Purchio, Juan Armendariz‐Borunda, Antonio Martinez‐Hernandez M.D. – 1 December 1994 – The basic approach in targeted gene delivery relies on the formation of a complex between a vector and a molecule that will be selectively internalized by the target cells. In the case of hepatocytes, asialoglycoproteins are convenient targeting molecules because of the high affinity and avidity of the hepatocyte galactose receptor.

Allan Cooper – 1 December 1994 – The atherogenic macromolecule lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has resisted in vivo analyses partly because it is found in a limited number of experimental animals. Although transgenic mice expressing human apolipoprotein (a) [apo(a)] have previously been described, they failed to assemble Lp(a) particles because of the inability of human apo(a) to associate with mouse apolipoprotein B (apoB). We isolated a 90‐kilobase P1 phagemid containing the human apoB gene and with this DNA generated 13 lines of transgenic mice of which 11 expressed human apoB.

Harold O. Conn – 1 December 1994 – An inverse relation is known to link blood potassium with renal synthesis and the release of ammonia. Given the liability of hyperammonemia for precipitating hepatic encephalopathy (HE), 28 patients affected by stage I HE were equally divided into two groups and maintained up to their death at the highest (5.4–5.5 mEq/l) or the lowest (3.5–3.6 mEq/l) normokalemia levels.

1 December 1994

Judith A. Marlett, Kathryn B. Hosig, Nicholas W. Vollendorf, Fred L. Shinnick, Valerie S. Haack, Jon A. Story – 1 December 1994 – Nine normolipidemic young men consumed a constant diet for 2 mo into which oat bran was incorporated during the second month so that we might test the hypotheses that oats lower serum cholesterol concentrations by decreasing bile acid and fat absorption and increasing bile acid synthesis. Bile acid kinetics were determined by measuring the 13C enrichment of serum cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids.

Fumio Nomura, Kunihiko Ohnishi, Hidetaka Terabayashi, Toshiaki Nakai, Kazumasa Isobe, Kazuhiro Takekoshi, Kunio Okuda – 1 December 1994 – Increased plasma ammonia levels in patients with advanced cirrhosis have been attributed to reduced conversion of enteric ammonia to urea by the diseased liver and to entry of enteric ammonia into systemic circulation by way of portal‐systemic shunts. Because single‐pass extraction is high for portal venous ammonia, reduction of portal blood supply to hepatocytes may have detrimental effects on the hepatic extraction of ammonia.

Joan Clària, Wladimiro Jiménez Ph.D., Josefa Ros, Montserrat Rigol, Paolo Angeli, Vicente Arroyo, Francisca Rivera, Joan Rodés – 1 December 1994 – To assess whether aortic vessels of rats with cirrhosis and ascites possess an enhanced vascular response to endothelium‐derived, nitric oxide—dependent vasodilators, we performed relaxation studies in isolated aortic rings of 21 control rats and 24 rats with carbon tetrachloride—induced cirrhosis and ascites. We carried out studies after contracting the vessels with norepinephrine.

Andrea E. Reid, T. Jake Liang – 1 December 1994

Christian Madl, Georg Grimm, Peter Ferenci, Ludwig Kramer, Wafa Yeganehfar, Walter Oder, Rudolf Steininger, Christian Zauner, Klaus Ratheiser, Felix Stockenhuber, Kurt Lenz – 1 December 1994 – Sensory evoked potentials are markedly changed in patients with fulminant liver failure. It is unknown, however, whether serial recordings of sensory evoked potentials provide useful prognostic informations for patient management in fulminant liver failure.

Cyrille Féray, Michelle Gigou, Didier Samuel, Valérie Paradis, Judith Wilber, Marie France David, Mickey Urdea, Michel Reynes, Christian Bréchot, Henri Bismuth – 1 November 1994 – Hepatitis C virus—induced liver disease is becoming a main indication for liver transplantation. Recurrence of hepatitis after transplantation has been reported, but its long‐term consequences are unknown.