Rituximab Is Ineffective for Treatment of Fatigue in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial

Amardeep Khanna, Laura Jopson, Denise Howel, Andrew Bryant, Andrew Blamire, Julia L. Newton, David E. Jones – 23 May 2018 – Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease. Half of patients experience debilitating fatigue, which is currently untreatable. Previous studies have shown muscle bioenergetic abnormalities in PBC, including increased muscle acidosis with exercise linked to the antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) diagnostic of the disease, and reduced anaerobic threshold.

Acetyl‐CoA Carboxylase Inhibition Reverses NAFLD and Hepatic Insulin Resistance but Promotes Hypertriglyceridemia in Rodents

Leigh Goedeke, Jamie Bates, Daniel F. Vatner, Rachel J. Perry, Ting Wang, Ricardo Ramirez, Li Li, Matthew W. Ellis, Dongyan Zhang, Kari E. Wong, Carine Beysen, Gary W. Cline, Adrian S. Ray, Gerald I. Shulman – 23 May 2018 – Pharmacologic inhibition of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzymes, ACC1 and ACC2, offers an attractive therapeutic strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through simultaneous inhibition of fatty acid synthesis and stimulation of fatty acid oxidation.

The Long Noncoding RNA Cancer Susceptibility 9 and RNA Binding Protein Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein L Form a Complex and Coregulate Genes Linked to AKT Signaling

Marcel Klingenberg, Matthias Groß, Ashish Goyal, Maria Polycarpou‐Schwarz, Thilo Miersch, Anne‐Sophie Ernst, Jörg Leupold, Nitin Patil, Uwe Warnken, Heike Allgayer, Thomas Longerich, Peter Schirmacher, Michael Boutros, Sven Diederichs – 23 May 2018 – The identification of viability‐associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) might be a promising rationale for new therapeutic approaches in liver cancer. Here, we applied an RNA interference screening approach in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines to find viability‐associated lncRNAs.

The Long Noncoding RNA Cancer Susceptibility 9 and RNA Binding Protein Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein L Form a Complex and Coregulate Genes Linked to AKT Signaling

Marcel Klingenberg, Matthias Groß, Ashish Goyal, Maria Polycarpou‐Schwarz, Thilo Miersch, Anne‐Sophie Ernst, Jörg Leupold, Nitin Patil, Uwe Warnken, Heike Allgayer, Thomas Longerich, Peter Schirmacher, Michael Boutros, Sven Diederichs – 23 May 2018 – The identification of viability‐associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) might be a promising rationale for new therapeutic approaches in liver cancer. Here, we applied an RNA interference screening approach in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines to find viability‐associated lncRNAs.

Coagulation Failure in Patients With Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure and Decompensated Cirrhosis: Beyond the International Normalized Ratio

Annabel Blasi, Andrea Calvo, Verónica Prado, Enric Reverter, Juan Carlos Reverter, María Hernández‐Tejero, Fátima Aziz, Alex Amoros, Andres Cardenas, Javier Fernández – 23 May 2018 – Balanced hemostasis with hypocoagulable and hypercoagulable features may occur in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF). The characteristics and prognostic impact of the coagulation profile in ACLF are unknown. Consecutive patients with ACLF (n = 36) and acute decompensation (AD; n = 24) were included. Blood samples for thromboelastometry (TE) were obtained at admission and 72 hours thereafter.

Predictors of Ultrasound Failure to Detect Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Mariya L. Samoylova, Neil Mehta, John P. Roberts, Francis Y. Yao – 21 May 2018 – Current guidelines recommend ultrasound (US) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance in cirrhosis. We assess predictors of decreased US sensitivity for detecting HCC. At a single center in the United States, all HCC patients evaluated for liver transplantation (LT) received an abdominal US. From 2007‐2015, consecutive patients presenting for untreated lesions found on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 3 months of US were compared with US findings.

Molecular magnetic resonance imaging accurately measures the antifibrotic effect of EDP‐305, a novel farnesoid X receptor agonist

Derek J. Erstad, Christian T. Farrar, Sarani Ghoshal, Ricard Masia, Diego S. Ferreira, Yin‐Ching Iris Chen, Ji‐Kyung Choi, Lan Wei, Phillip A. Waghorn, Nicholas J. Rotile, Chuantao Tu, Katherine A. Graham‐O'Regan, Mozhdeh Sojoodi, Shen Li, Yang Li, Guogiang Wang, Kathleen E. Corey, Yat Sun Or, Lijuan Jiang, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Peter Caravan, Bryan C. Fuchs – 21 May 2018 – We examined a novel farnesoid X receptor agonist, EDP‐305, for its antifibrotic effect in bile duct ligation (BDL) and choline‐deficient, L‐amino acid‐defined, high‐fat diet (CDAHFD) models of hepatic injury.

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