Negative Regulation of Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein–Mediated Antiviral Signaling by the Mitochondrial Protein LRPPRC During Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Giulia Refolo, Fabiola Ciccosanti, Martina Di Rienzo, Ariel Basulto Perdomo, Marta Romani, Tonino Alonzi, Marco Tripodi, Giuseppe Ippolito, Mauro Piacentini, Gian Maria Fimia – 2 August 2018 – Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is highly efficient in establishing a chronic infection, having evolved multiple strategies to suppress the host antiviral responses. The HCV nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein, in addition to its role in viral replication and assembly, has long been known to hamper the interferon (IFN) response.

Oxidized Albumin Triggers a Cytokine Storm in Leukocytes Through P38 Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase: Role in Systemic Inflammation in Decompensated Cirrhosis

José Alcaraz‐Quiles, Mireia Casulleras, Karl Oettl, Esther Titos, Roger Flores‐Costa, Marta Duran‐Güell, Cristina López‐Vicario, Marco Pavesi, Rudolf E. Stauber, Vicente Arroyo, Joan Clària – 2 August 2018 – Decompensated cirrhosis is characterized by exuberant systemic inflammation. Although the inducers of this feature remain unknown, the presence of circulating forms of oxidized albumin, namely human nonmercaptalbumin 1 (HNA1) and HNA2, is a common finding in cirrhosis.

Pulse Oximetry Is Insensitive for Detection of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome in Patients Evaluated for Liver Transplantation

Kimberly A. Forde, Michael B. Fallon, Michael J. Krowka, Michael Sprys, David S. Goldberg, Karen L. Krok, Mamta Patel, Grace Lin, Jae K. Oh, Carl D. Mottram, Paul D. Scanlon, Steven M. Kawut, for the Pulmonary Vascular Complications of Liver Disease 2 Study Group – 2 August 2018 – Screening for hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) using pulse oximetry is recommended in liver transplant (LT) candidates because mortality is increased, independently of the severity of the oxygenation defect. LT exception points may be afforded to those with HPS and severe hypoxemia.

Lect2 Controls Inflammatory Monocytes to Constrain the Growth and Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Antoine L’Hermitte, Sandrine Pham, Mathilde Cadoux, Gabrielle Couchy, Stefano Caruso, Marie Anson, Anne‐Marie Crain‐Denoyelle, Séverine Celton‐Morizur, Satoshi Yamagoe, Jessica Zucman‐Rossi, Chantal Desdouets, Jean‐Pierre Couty – 2 August 2018 – Leukocyte cell‐derived chemotaxin‐2 (LECT2) was originally identified as a hepatocyte‐secreted chemokine‐like factor and a positive target of β‐catenin signaling. Here, we dissected out the mechanisms by which LECT2 modulates hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development using both HCC mouse models and human HCC samples.

Safety and Efficacy of Ledipasvir–Sofosbuvir With or Without Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C in Children Ages 6‐11

Karen F. Murray, William F. Balistreri, Sanjay Bansal, Suzanne Whitworth, Helen M. Evans, Regino P. Gonzalez‐Peralta, Jessica Wen, Benedetta Massetto, Kathryn Kersey, Jiang Shao, Kimberly L. Garrison, Bandita Parhy, Diana M. Brainard, Ronen Arnon, Lynette A. Gillis, Maureen M. Jonas, Chuan‐Hao Lin, Michael R. Narkewicz, Kathleen Schwarz, Philip Rosenthal – 2 August 2018 – Currently, there are no interferon‐free treatments available for hepatitis C virus (HCV)–infected patients younger than 12 years.

Ductular Reaction in Liver Diseases: Pathological Mechanisms and Translational Significances

Keisaku Sato, Marco Marzioni, Fanyin Meng, Heather Francis, Shannon Glaser, Gianfranco Alpini – 2 August 2018 – Ductular reaction (DR) is characterized by the proliferation of reactive bile ducts induced by liver injuries. DR is pathologically recognized as bile duct hyperplasia and is commonly observed in biliary disorders. It can also be identified in various liver disorders including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. DR is associated with liver fibrosis and damage, and the extent of DR parallels to patient mortality.

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