Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Transition of Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease in Cirrhosis: A Prospective Cohort Study

Rakhi Maiwall, Samba Siva Rao Pasupuleti, Chhagan Bihari, Archana Rastogi, Pawan Kumar Singh, Vini Naik, Akanksha Singh, Priyanka Jain, Awinash Kumar, Amar Mukund, R.P. Mathur, Guresh Kumar, Shiv Kumar Sarin – 16 July 2019 – Transition to chronic kidney disease (CKD) after an episode of acute kidney injury (AKI) is known in patients without cirrhosis. We studied the incidence and risk factors for development of CKD in patients with cirrhosis. Competing risk analysis was performed to identify risk factors for CKD development.

Acetaminophen Intoxication Rapidly Induces Apoptosis of Intestinal Crypt Stem Cells and Enhances Intestinal Permeability

Daniel M. Chopyk, Johnasha D. Stuart, Matthew G. Zimmerman, Jing Wen, Sanjeev Gumber, Mehul S. Suthar, Manoj Thapa, Mark J. Czaja, Arash Grakoui – 15 July 2019 – Acetaminophen (APAP)‐induced liver injury is the most common cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in the Western world. APAP toxicity progresses to multiorgan dysfunction and thus has broader whole‐body implications. Importantly, greater 30‐day mortality has been observed in liver transplant recipients following ALF due to APAP‐related versus non‐APAP‐related causes. Reasons for this discrepancy have yet to be determined.

PNPLA3 I148M Variant Impairs Liver X Receptor Signaling and Cholesterol Homeostasis in Human Hepatic Stellate Cells

Francesca Virginia Bruschi, Thierry Claudel, Matteo Tardelli, Patrick Starlinger, Fabio Marra, Michael Trauner – 15 July 2019 – The patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) I148M variant predisposes to hepatic steatosis and progression to advanced liver injury with development of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) drive the wound healing response to chronic injury, and lack of liver X receptor (LXR) signaling exacerbates liver fibrogenesis by impairing HSC cholesterol homeostasis.

A National Hospital‐Based Study of Hospitalized Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Valerio Manno, Alessio Gerussi, Marco Carbone, Giada Minelli, Domenica Taruscio, Susanna Conti, Pietro Invernizzi – 15 July 2019 – Epidemiological studies on primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have been based primarily on tertiary referral case series. We aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence and describe comorbidities in hospitalized patients with PBC in Italy using a national hospital‐based data source. Data were extracted from the National Hospital Discharge Database, which includes all Italian individuals discharged from any hospital in the country.

Diabetes Is Associated With Increased Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Cirrhosis From Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Ju Dong Yang, Fowsiyo Ahmed, Kristin C. Mara, Benyam D. Addissie, Alina M. Allen, Gregory J. Gores, Lewis R. Roberts – 15 July 2019 – Diabetes increases the risk of liver disease progression and cirrhosis development in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The association between diabetes and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in NASH patients with cirrhosis is not well quantified. All patients with the diagnosis of NASH cirrhosis seen at Mayo Clinic Rochester between January 2006 and December 2015 were identified.

Posttranscriptional Inhibition of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Nonreceptor Type 23 by Staphylococcal Nuclease and Tudor Domain Containing 1: Implications for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Nidhi Jariwala, Rachel G. Mendoza, Dawn Garcia, Zhao Lai, Mark A. Subler, Jolene J. Windle, Nitai D. Mukhopadhyay, Paul B. Fisher, Yidong Chen, Devanand Sarkar – 15 July 2019 – Oncoprotein staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1 (SND1) regulates gene expression at a posttranscriptional level in multiple cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Staphylococcal nuclease (SN) domains of SND1 function as a ribonuclease (RNase), and the tudor domain facilitates protein–oligonucleotide interaction.

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