Improved oxygenation dramatically alters metabolism and gene expression in cultured primary mouse hepatocytes

Eduardo H. Gilglioni, Jung‐Chin Chang, Suzanne Duijst, Simei Go, Aziza A. A. Adam, Ruurdtje Hoekstra, Arthur J. Verhoeven, Emy L. Ishii‐Iwamoto, Ronald P.J. Oude Elferink – 9 February 2018 – Primary hepatocyte culture is an important in vitro system for the study of liver functions. In vivo, hepatocytes have high oxidative metabolism. However, oxygen supply by means of diffusion in in vitro static cultures is much less than that by blood circulation in vivo. Therefore, we investigated whether hypoxia contributes to dedifferentiation and deregulated metabolism in cultured hepatocytes.

Influence of spontaneous splenorenal shunts on clinical outcomes in decompensated cirrhosis and after liver transplantation

Karen Saks, Kyle K. Jensen, Joel McLouth, Justine Hum, Joseph Ahn, Atif Zaman, Michael F. Chang, Alice Fung, Barry Schlansky – 9 February 2018 – Cirrhosis and portal hypertension can lead to the formation of a spontaneous splenorenal shunt (SSRS) that may divert portal blood flow to the systemic circulation and reduce hepatic perfusion. Our aims were to evaluate SSRSs as an independent prognostic marker for mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and the influence of SSRSs on liver transplantation (LT) outcomes.

Vinyl chloride dysregulates metabolic homeostasis and enhances diet‐induced liver injury in mice

Anna L. Lang, Liya Chen, Gavin D. Poff, Wen‐Xing Ding, Russel A. Barnett, Gavin E. Arteel, Juliane I. Beier – 9 February 2018 – Vinyl chloride (VC), a common industrial organochlorine and environmental pollutant, has been shown to directly cause hepatic angiosarcoma and toxicant‐associated steatohepatitis at high exposure levels. However, the impact of lower concentrations of VC on the progression of underlying liver diseases (e.g., nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]) is unclear.

Cholangiocyte‐derived exosomal long noncoding RNA H19 promotes cholestatic liver injury in mouse and humans

Xiaojiaoyang Li, Runping Liu, Zhiming Huang, Emily C. Gurley, Xuan Wang, Juan Wang, Hongliang He, Hu Yang, Guanhua Lai, Luyong Zhang, Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Melanie White, William M. Pandak, Phillip B. Hylemon, Huiping Zhou – 9 February 2018 – Cholestatic liver injury is an important clinical problem with limited understanding of disease pathologies. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by a variety of cells, including cholangiocytes.

Resistance analysis of genotype 3 hepatitis C virus indicates subtypes inherently resistant to nonstructural protein 5A inhibitors

David Smith, Andrea Magri, David Bonsall, Camilla L.C. Ip, Amy Trebes, Anthony Brown, Palo Piazza, Rory Bowden, Dung Nguyen, M. Azim Ansari, Peter Simmonds, Eleanor Barnes, STOP‐HCV Consortium – 9 February 2018 – Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (gt) 3 is highly prevalent globally, with non‐gt3a subtypes common in Southeast Asia. Resistance‐associated substitutions (RASs) have been shown to play a role in treatment failure. However, the role of RASs in gt3 is not well understood.

Vinyl chloride dysregulates metabolic homeostasis and enhances diet‐induced liver injury in mice

Anna L. Lang, Liya Chen, Gavin D. Poff, Wen‐Xing Ding, Russel A. Barnett, Gavin E. Arteel, Juliane I. Beier – 9 February 2018 – Vinyl chloride (VC), a common industrial organochlorine and environmental pollutant, has been shown to directly cause hepatic angiosarcoma and toxicant‐associated steatohepatitis at high exposure levels. However, the impact of lower concentrations of VC on the progression of underlying liver diseases (e.g., nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]) is unclear.

Endothelial Notch activation reshapes the angiocrine of sinusoidal endothelia to aggravate liver fibrosis and blunt regeneration in mice

Juan‐Li Duan, Bai Ruan, Xian‐Chun Yan, Liang Liang, Ping Song, Zi‐Yan Yang, Yuan Liu, Ke‐Feng Dou, Hua Han, Lin Wang – 8 February 2018 – Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) critically regulate liver homeostasis and diseases through angiocrine factors. Notch is critical in endothelial cells (ECs). In the current study, Notch signaling was activated by inducible EC‐specific expression of the Notch intracellular domain (NIC). We found that endothelial Notch activation damaged liver homeostasis.

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