Alterations in gut microbial function following liver transplant

Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Genta Kakiyama, I. Jane Cox, Hiroshi Nittono, Hajime Takei, Melanie White, Andrew Fagan, Edith A. Gavis, Douglas M. Heuman, Ho Chong Gilles, Phillip Hylemon, Simon D. Taylor‐Robinson, Cristina Legido‐Quigley, Min Kim, Jin Xu, Roger Williams, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, William M. Pandak, Patrick M. Gillevet – 3 March 2018 – Liver transplantation (LT) improves daily function and ameliorates gut microbial composition. However, the effect of LT on microbial functionality, which can be related to overall patient benefit, is unclear and could affect the post‐LT course.

Crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cells and T regulatory cells is crucially important for the attenuation of acute liver injury

Marina Gazdic, Bojana Simovic Markovic, Aleksandar Arsenijevic, Nemanja Jovicic, Aleksandar Acovic, C. Randall Harrell, Crissy Fellabaum, Valentin Djonov, Nebojsa Arsenijevic, Miodrag L. Lukic, Vladislav Volarevic – 3 March 2018 – One of the therapeutic options for the treatment of fulminant hepatitis is repopulation of intrahepatic regulatory cells because their pool is significantly reduced during acute liver failure.

Low‐dose valganciclovir for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in intermediate‐risk liver transplantation recipients

Salman Khan, Timothy Sullivan, Mohsin Ali, Dallas Dunn, Gopi Patel, Shirish Huprikar – 3 March 2018 – Liver transplantation recipients (LTRs) who are seropositive for cytomegalovirus (CMV) (recipient seropositive [R+]) are at intermediate risk for CMV disease. A preventative strategy following transplant is considered standard of care. Current guidelines recommend high‐dose valganciclovir (VGCV; 900 mg/day adjusted for renal function) for prophylaxis given limited data on the efficacy and safety of low‐dose VGCV (450 mg/day adjusted for renal function).

Early and late changes in natural killer cells in response to ledipasvir/sofosbuvir treatment

Lucy Golden‐Mason, Rachel H. McMahan, Michael S. Kriss, Alexandra L. Kilgore, Linling Cheng, Rachael J. Dran, Amanda Wieland, Hugo R. Rosen – 1 March 2018 – Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by dysregulated natural killer (NK) cell responses. NKs play a critical role in achieving sustained responses to interferon (IFN)‐α‐based therapy. Rapid sustained HCV‐RNA clearance is now achieved with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs). Studies of patients receiving first‐wave DAAs suggest NK functional restoration.

Combined Dual‐Kidney Liver Transplantation in the United States: A Review of United Network for Organ Sharing/Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network Data Between 2002 and 2012

Grigoriy Shekhtman, Edmund Huang, Gabriel M. Danovitch, Paul Martin, Suphamai Bunnapradist – 1 March 2018 – In kidney‐alone recipients, dual‐kidney transplantation using “higher‐risk” donor organs has shown outcomes comparable to those of single‐kidney transplantation using extended criteria donor (ECD) organs.

Hepatic artery occlusion in liver transplantation: What counts more, the type of reconstruction or the severity of the recipient's disease?

Christian E. Oberkofler, Tim Reese, Dimitri A. Raptis, Christoph Kuemmerli, Olivier de Rougemont, Michelle L. De Oliveira, Andrea Schlegel, Philipp Dutkowski, Pierre‐Alain Clavien, Henrik Petrowsky – 1 March 2018 – Although the type of hepatic artery revascularization technique is known to have an impact on patency rates, independent perioperative risk factors on patient outcomes are poorly defined. All consecutive adult patients undergoing cadaveric liver transplantation (n = 361) from July 2007 to June 2016 in a single institution were analyzed.

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