Karen Cristiano, Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, Jay H. Hoofnagle, Stephen M. Feinstone – 1 July 1991 – The recently introduced antibody test for hepatitis C virus infection has already proved to be valuable in many situations such as screening blood donors and diagnosing chronically infected patients, but this antibody assay has certain limitations. Hepatitis C virus itself is usually present in clinical specimens at very low titers; therefore a useful assay for the virus must have very high sensitivity.

Micheline Dumont, Scorinnem D'Hont, Anne‐Marie Durand‐Schneider, Véronique Legrand‐Defretin, Gérard Feldmann, Serge Erlinger – 1 July 1991 – It has been proposed that a microtubule‐dependent transport of vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus may play a role in biliary secretion of bile salts and other cholephilic anions.

Hyosuk Lee, Young Hwa Chung, Chung Yong Kim – 1 July 1991 – Serum α‐fetoprotein level is often elevated in patients with chronic liver disease and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the most difficult problems frequently encountered in practice is differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from chronic liver disease.

Hitoshi Nakagama, Toshiaki Gunji, Shin Ohnishi, Takashi Kaneko, Takashi Ishikawa, Reiko Makino, Kenshi Hayashi, Junji Shiga, Fumimaro Takaku, Michio Imawari – 1 July 1991 – The expression of androgen receptor messenger RNA in hepatocellular carcinomas and hepatoma cell lines was studied using Northern‐blot analysis and the complementary DNA—polymerase chain reaction method.

Elihu M. Schimmel – 1 July 1991

Nankei Aoyama, Toshihide Ohya, Kimberly Chandler, Susan Gresky, R. Thomas Holzbach – 1 July 1991 – Nonbile salt cholephiles and bile salts are two classes of organic anions that are efficiently taken up and excreted by the liver. Recent evidence suggests that a microtubular system–dependent, colchicine‐sensitive transcellular pathway may transport both classes of these ligands. The relationship of this pathway to flux rates, however, remains unclear. Some structural evidence suggests an important role for a Golgi‐associated vesicular system.

Antonio Ponzetto, Luigi Fiume, Barbara Forzani, Shi Yun Song, Corrado Busi, Alessandro Mattioli, Cosima Spinelli, Maria Marinelli, Antonina Smedile, Elisabetta Chiaberge, Ferruccio Bonino, Gian Battista Gervasi, Mariella Rapicetta, Giorgio Verme – 1 July 1991 – The woodchuck was selected to study the efficacy of liver‐targeted antiviral drugs on hepadnavirus replication.

Monique F. Kleinherenbrink‐Stins, J. Hans van de Boom, Donald Schouten, Paul J. M. Roholl, M. Niels van der Heyde, Adriaan Brouwer, Theo J. C. V. Berkel, Dick L. Knook – 1 July 1991 – The interaction of low density lipoprotein, acetylated low density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein E—free high density lipoprotein with parenchymal, endothelial and Kupffer cells of human liver was visualized. For this purpose, the fluorescent phospholipid analog 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate was used to label the lipoproteins.

Winston L. Hutchinson, Yvette S. White, Elizabeth A. Fagan, Philip J. Johnson, Roger Williams – 1 July 1991 – To determine the factors underlying the apparent reduction in binding ability of thyroxine‐binding globulin in hepatocellular carcinoma, hormonebinding characteristics were further examined in patients with this disease and in control subjects. No differences in affinity constants with respect to triiodothyronine or serum thyroxine‐binding globulin from hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhotic and normal subjects were found.

Marek Rudnicki, David W. McFadden, Josef E. Fischer – 1 July 1991 – A simple method of biliary‐enteric anastomosis, without the use of surgical microscopy, is described. There were no signs of cholestasis after 3 mo of follow‐up. A modified procedure using a silicone elastomer catheter as a stent for the biliary‐enteric anastomosis resulted in biliary obstruction within 3 wk after surgery. Our experimental bile duct implantation technique is a simple and useful experimental method for the investigation of chronic biliary diversion and biliary physiology.