J Shi, H Fujieda, Y Kokubo, K Wake – 1 November 1996 – The fate of neutrophils in the peripheral circulation is poorly understood. In this study, the role of Kupffer cells in eliminating aged and apoptotic neutrophils was investigated. Liver, spleen, lung, and blood samples from Wistar rats were examined by light and electron microscopy, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method, and immunohistochemistry after the intravenous injection of OK‐432, a streptococcal preparation.

M J Mayo, B Combes, R N Jenkins – 1 November 1996 – Semiquantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐ PCR) was used to study the T‐cell receptor (TCR) β‐chain variable (Vβ) region gene families expressed by T cells in 28 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 20 normal controls, and 9 patients with other chronic inflammatory hepatic diseases. We hypothesized that activation and clonal proliferation of T cells would lead to biases in the T‐cell repertoire of patients with PBC.

L Spahr, R F Butterworth, S Fontaine, L Bui, G Therrien, P C Milette, L H Lebrun, J Zayed, A Leblanc, G Pomier‐Layrargues – 1 November 1996 – Increasing evidence suggests that manganese deposition is responsible for the T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal hyperintensity consistently observed in pallidum of cirrhotic patients. However, the relationship between blood manganese and the etiology or severity of liver disease, as well as the neurological symptomatology in these patients, has not been well established.

M Shindo, K Hamada, S Koya, K Arai, Y Sokawa, T Okuno – 1 November 1996 – We examined changes in the hypervariable region 1 of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA that occurred with interferon therapy in 33 patients with chronic hepatitis C to assess the clinical significance of this region. The 33 patients had HCV genotype 1b and were classified into three groups based on serum aminotransferase levels during and after therapy with α interferon; long‐term responders (n = 9), short‐term responders (n = 11), and nonresponders (n = 13).

P Scaglioni, M Melegari, M Takahashi, J R Chowdhury, J Wands – 1 November 1996 – Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of acute and chronic liver diseases. We have recently described HBV and woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) dominant negative (DN) core mutants that were capable of inhibiting wild‐type viral replication by 95%.

S Zeuzem, A Franke, J Lee, G Herrmann, B Rüster, W K Roth – 1 November 1996 – Nucleotide sequence analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) strains showed substantial variability leading to a classification into several genotypes and subtypes. The data correlating HCV genotypes and subtypes with hepatitis C viremia levels, demographic characteristics of patients (age, mode of transmission, duration of infection), and severity of liver disease are conflicting.

J Greeve, J R Chowdhury, N R Chowdhury – 1 October 1996

R V Pearline, Y Lin, K J Shen, E M Brunt, W M Bowling, D G Hafenrichter, S Kennedy, M W Flye, K P Ponder – 1 October 1996 – An understanding of how oncogenes affect differentiated liver functions might lead to improved treatments for liver cancer or other disorders where liver‐specific functions are compromised. A retroviral vector that coexpressed β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) and activated Ras genes (Ras‐gal) was transduced into a small fraction of adult rat hepatocytes in vivo.

P Ferenci, T C Gilliam, J D Gitlin, S Packman, M L Schilsky, R J Sokol, I Sternlieb – 1 October 1996

D Raddatz, M Henneken, T Armbrust, G Ramadori – 1 October 1996 – Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) distribution in isolated rat hepatocytes and nonparenchymal hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells, and liver fibroblasts with and without dexamethasone treatment was investigated by immunostaining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In addition, human liver fibroblasts, Hep3B and HepG2 cells were investigated. Subcellular distribution of GR immunostaining was assessed semiquantitatively by digital image analysis.