Nosocomial hepatitis C virus transmission from tampering with injectable anesthetic opioids

Rikita I. Hatia, Zoya Dimitrova, Pavel Skums, Elrond Yi‐Lang Teo, Chong‐Gee Teo – 22 March 2015 – The extent of provider‐to‐patient hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission from diversion, self‐injection, and substitution (“tampering”) of anesthetic opioids is unknown. To quantify the contribution of opioid tampering to nosocomial HCV outbreaks, data from health care–related HCV outbreaks occurring in developed countries from 1990 to 2012 were collated, grouped, and compared. Tampering was associated with 17% (8 of 46) of outbreaks, but 53% (438 of 833) of cases.

Microbial‐derived lithocholic acid and vitamin K2 drive the metabolic maturation of pluripotent stem cells–derived and fetal hepatocytes

Yishai Avior, Gahl Levy, Michal Zimerman, Daniel Kitsberg, Robert Schwartz, Ronen Sadeh, Arieh Moussaieff, Merav Cohen, Joseph Itskovitz‐Eldor, Yaakov Nahmias – 22 March 2015 – The liver is the main organ responsible for the modification, clearance, and transformational toxicity of most xenobiotics owing to its abundance in cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes. However, the scarcity and variability of primary hepatocytes currently limits their utility.

Microbial‐derived lithocholic acid and vitamin K2 drive the metabolic maturation of pluripotent stem cells–derived and fetal hepatocytes

Yishai Avior, Gahl Levy, Michal Zimerman, Daniel Kitsberg, Robert Schwartz, Ronen Sadeh, Arieh Moussaieff, Merav Cohen, Joseph Itskovitz‐Eldor, Yaakov Nahmias – 22 March 2015 – The liver is the main organ responsible for the modification, clearance, and transformational toxicity of most xenobiotics owing to its abundance in cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes. However, the scarcity and variability of primary hepatocytes currently limits their utility.

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Daniel Pineda‐Tenor, Mónica García‐Álvarez, María A. Jiménez‐Sousa, Amanda Fernández‐Rodríguez, Salvador Resino – 21 March 2015

Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure precipitated by hepatic injury is distinct from that precipitated by extrahepatic insults

Yu Shi, Ying Yang, Yaoren Hu, Wei Wu, Qiao Yang, Min Zheng, Shun Zhang, Zhaojun Xu, Yihua Wu, Huadong Yan, Zhi Chen – 20 March 2015 – Patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) represent a heterogeneous population. The aim of the study is to identify distinct groups according to the etiologies of precipitating events. A total of 405 ACLF patients were identified from 1,361 patients with cirrhosis with acute decompensation and categorized according to the types of acute insults.

Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure precipitated by hepatic injury is distinct from that precipitated by extrahepatic insults

Yu Shi, Ying Yang, Yaoren Hu, Wei Wu, Qiao Yang, Min Zheng, Shun Zhang, Zhaojun Xu, Yihua Wu, Huadong Yan, Zhi Chen – 20 March 2015 – Patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) represent a heterogeneous population. The aim of the study is to identify distinct groups according to the etiologies of precipitating events. A total of 405 ACLF patients were identified from 1,361 patients with cirrhosis with acute decompensation and categorized according to the types of acute insults.

Genetic variants in five novel loci including CFB and CD40 predispose to chronic hepatitis B

De‐Ke Jiang, Xiao‐Pin Ma, Hongjie Yu, Guangwen Cao, Dong‐Lin Ding, Haitao Chen, Hui‐Xing Huang, Yu‐Zhen Gao, Xiao‐Pan Wu, Xi‐Dai Long, Hongxing Zhang, Youjie Zhang, Yong Gao, Tao‐Yang Chen, Wei‐Hua Ren, Pengyin Zhang, Zhuqing Shi, Wei Jiang, Bo Wan, Hexige Saiyin, Jianhua Yin, Yuan‐Feng Zhou, Yun Zhai, Pei‐Xin Lu, Hongwei Zhang, Xiaoli Gu, Aihua Tan, Jin‐Bing Wang, Xian‐Bo Zuo, Liang‐Dan Sun, Jun O. Liu, Qing Yi, Zengnan Mo, Gangqiao Zhou, Ying Liu, Jielin Sun, Yin Yao Shugart, S.

Renal safety of intravenous gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients awaiting liver transplantation

Katherine M. Shaffer, Mehul R. Parikh, Thomas M. Runge, Sebastian D. Perez, Sonali S. Sakaria, Ram M. Subramanian – 18 March 2015 – Renal dysfunction in cirrhosis carries a high morbidity and mortality. Given the potential risk of contrast‐induced nephropathy associated with iodinated intravenous contrast used in computed tomography (CT), alternate contrast modalities for abdominal imaging in liver transplant candidates need to be examined.

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