Expanding the Donor Pool With the Use of Extended Criteria Donation After Circulatory Death Livers

Plamen Mihaylov, Richard Mangus, Burcin Ekser, Arianna Cabrales, Lava Timsina, Jonathan Fridell, Marco Lacerda, Marwan Ghabril, Lauren Nephew, Naga Chalasani, Chandrashekhar A. Kubal – 31 March 2019 – Use of donation after circulatory death (DCD) donor livers for transplantation has remained cautious in the United States. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the expansion of a DCD liver transplantation (LT) program with the use of extended criteria donor (ECD) DCD livers. After institutional review board approval, 135 consecutive DCD LTs were retrospectively studied.

Adjuvant Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Prospect of Immunotherapy

Zachary J. Brown, Tim F. Greten, Bernd Heinrich – 30 March 2019 – Although patients undergo procedures with curative intent for early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), up to 70% of patients may have disease recurrence in the liver at 5 years. Thus far, no therapy has proven to be effective in the adjuvant setting. Here, we discuss the application of immune‐based therapies in the adjuvant setting for HCC, focusing on the underlying rationale for immunotherapies, which patients may benefit from an immune‐based therapy, and what type of immune therapy should be implemented.

A Pilot Clinical Trial of Nitazoxanide in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B

Jean‐François Rossignol, Christian Bréchot – 29 March 2019 – Chronic infection by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) has remained a major public health problem. To achieve an HBV cure, we will likely need to combine antivirals with different viral targets as well as immunotherapy. Here, we report data from a pilot proof‐of‐concept clinical trial of nitazoxanide in treating chronic hepatitis B. Conclusion: Nitazoxanide offers novel mechanisms of antiviral activity, and it would be interesting to evaluate the potential of combining nitazoxanide with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues.

Sex Differences in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: State of the Art and Identification of Research Gaps

Amedeo Lonardo, Fabio Nascimbeni, Stefano Ballestri, DeLisa Fairweather, Sanda Win, Tin A. Than, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Ayako Suzuki – 29 March 2019 – Despite tremendous research advancements in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), our understanding of sex differences in NAFLD remains insufficient. This review summarizes the current knowledge on sex differences in NAFLD, identifies gaps, and discusses important considerations for future research. The prevalence and severity of NAFLD are higher in men than in women during the reproductive age.

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