The Role of Senescence in the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Progression to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Alkistis‐Maria Papatheodoridi, Lampros Chrysavgis, Michael Koutsilieris, Antonios Chatzigeorgiou – 23 June 2019 – In recent years, cellular senescence has generated a lot of interest among researchers because of its involvement in both the normal aging process and common human diseases. During senescence, cells undergo alterations that include telomere shortening, nuclear area enlargement, and genomic and mitochondrial DNA damage, leading to irreversible cell cycle arrest, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.

Intestinal Fungal Dysbiosis and Systemic Immune Response to Fungi in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis

Sonja Lang, Yi Duan, Jinyuan Liu, Manolito G. Torralba, Claire Kuelbs, Meritxell Ventura‐Cots, Juan G. Abraldes, Francisco Bosques‐Padilla, Elizabeth C. Verna, Robert S. Brown, Victor Vargas, Jose Altamirano, Juan Caballería, Debbie Shawcross, Michael R. Lucey, Alexandre Louvet, Philippe Mathurin, Guadalupe Garcia‐Tsao, Samuel B. Ho, Xin M. Tu, Ramon Bataller, Peter Stärkel, Derrick E.

Chronic Hepatitis B Prevalence Among Foreign‐Born and U.S.‐Born Adults in the United States, 1999‐2016

Michael H. Le, Yee Hui Yeo, Ramsey Cheung, Linda Henry, Anna S. Lok, Mindie H. Nguyen – 22 June 2019 – Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global health problem, exacerbated by poor linkage to care. We aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV infection, exposure, self‐reported vaccination, vaccine‐induced immunity, disease awareness, and treatment in the United States by birthplace and race/ethnicity during 1999‐2016.

Evaluating Noninvasive Markers to Identify Advanced Fibrosis by Liver Biopsy in HBV/HIV Co‐infected Adults

Richard K. Sterling, Wendy C. King, Abdus S. Wahed, David E. Kleiner, Mandana Khalili, Mark Sulkowski, Raymond T. Chung, Mamta K. Jain, Mauricio Lisker‐Melman, David K. Wong, Marc G. Ghany, the HIV‐HBV Cohort Study of the Hepatitis B Research Network – 20 June 2019 – Noninvasive biomarkers are used increasingly to assess fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease.

Ledipasvir‐Sofosbuvir for 12 Weeks in Children 3 to <6 Years Old With Chronic Hepatitis C

Kathleen B. Schwarz, Philip Rosenthal, Karen F. Murray, Jonathan R. Honegger, Winita Hardikar, Rosie Hague, Naveen Mittal, Benedetta Massetto, Diana M. Brainard, Chia‐Hsiang Hsueh, Jiang Shao, Bandita Parhy, Michael R. Narkewicz, Girish S. Rao, Suzanne Whitworth, Sanjay Bansal, William F. Balistreri – 20 June 2019 – For children under 12 years of age who have chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, there are currently no approved treatments with direct‐acting antiviral agents.

Neuroinflammation in Murine Cirrhosis Is Dependent on the Gut Microbiome and Is Attenuated by Fecal Transplant

Runping Liu, Jason D. Kang, R. Balfour Sartor, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, Andrew Fagan, Edith A. Gavis, Huiping Zhou, Phillip B. Hylemon, Jeremy W. Herzog, Xiaojiaoyang Li, Robert H. Lippman, Javier Gonzalez‐Maeso, James B. Wade, Siddhartha Ghosh, Emily Gurley, Patrick M. Gillevet, Jasmohan S. Bajaj – 20 June 2019 – Cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is associated with an altered gut–liver–brain axis. Fecal microbial transplant (FMT) after antibiotics improves outcomes in HE, but the impact on brain function is unclear.

Exome Sequencing in Clinical Hepatology

Sílvia Vilarinho, Pramod K. Mistry – 20 June 2019 – The clinical relevance of the Human Genome Project and next‐generation sequencing technology was demonstrated for the first time in 2009, when whole‐exome sequencing (WES) provided the definitive diagnosis of congenital chloride diarrhea in an infant with presumed renal salt‐wasting disease. Over the past decade, numerous studies have shown the utility of WES for clinical diagnosis as well as for discovery of novel genetic disorders through analysis of a single or a handful of informative pedigrees.

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