Novel RNA oligonucleotide improves liver function and inhibits liver carcinogenesis in vivo

Vikash Reebye, Pål Sætrom, Paul J. Mintz, Kai‐Wen Huang, Piotr Swiderski, Ling Peng, Cheng Liu, Xiaoxuan Liu, Steen Lindkær‐Jensen, Dimitris Zacharoulis, Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos, Noriyuki Kasahara, Joanna P. Nicholls, Long R. Jiao, Madhava Pai, Duncan R. Spalding, Malkhaz Mizandari, Tinatin Chikovani, Mohamed M. Emara, Abdelali Haoudi, Donald A. Tomalia, John J. Rossi, Nagy A. Habib – 8 August 2013 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs predominantly in patients with liver cirrhosis.

RNA interference against cancer/testis genes identifies dual specificity phosphatase 21 as a potential therapeutic target in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Qing Deng, Kun‐Yu Li, Hui Chen, Ji‐Hong Dai, Yang‐Yang Zhai, Qun Wang, Niu Li, Yu‐Ping Wang, Ze‐Guang Han – 8 August 2013 – Cancer/testis (CT) antigens have been considered therapeutic targets for treating cancers. However, a central question is whether their expression contributes to tumorigenesis or if they are functionally irrelevant by‐products derived from the process of cellular transformation. In any case, these CT antigens are essential for cancer cell survival and may serve as potential therapeutic targets.

Kupffer cell‐derived IL‐10 plays a key role in maintaining humoral immune tolerance in hepatitis B virus‐persistent mice

Long Xu, Wenwei Yin, Rui Sun, Haiming Wei, Zhigang Tian – 8 August 2013 – The liver is considered as a unique lymphoid organ favoring the induction of immune tolerance, rather than immunity. Biologists and clinicians alike have a long‐standing interest in how the liver induces systemic immune tolerance, but the mechanism has not yet been well elucidated.

Quantitative proteomics identifies the membrane‐associated peroxidase GPx8 as a cellular substrate of the hepatitis C virus NS3‐4A protease

Kenichi Morikawa, Jérôme Gouttenoire, Céline Hernandez, Viet Loan Dao Thi, Huong T.L. Tran, Christian M. Lange, Michael T. Dill, Markus H. Heim, Olivier Donzé, François Penin, Manfredo Quadroni, Darius Moradpour – 8 August 2013 – The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3‐4A protease is not only an essential component of the viral replication complex and a prime target for antiviral intervention but also a key player in the persistence and pathogenesis of HCV.

Dynamic expression profiling of type I and type III interferon‐stimulated hepatocytes reveals a stable hierarchy of gene expression

Christopher R. Bolen, Siyuan Ding, Michael D. Robek, Steven H. Kleinstein – 8 August 2013 – Despite activating similar signaling cascades, the type I and type III interferons (IFNs) differ in their ability to antagonize virus replication. However, it is not clear whether these cytokines induce unique antiviral states, particularly in the liver, where the clinically important hepatitis B and C viruses cause persistent infection.

Caffeine stimulates hepatic lipid metabolism by the autophagy‐lysosomal pathway in mice

Rohit A. Sinha, Benjamin L. Farah, Brijesh K. Singh, Monowarul M. Siddique, Ying Li, Yajun Wu, Olga R. Ilkayeva, Jessica Gooding, Jianhong Ching, Jin Zhou, Laura Martinez, Sherwin Xie, Boon‐Huat Bay, Scott A. Summers, Christopher B. Newgard, Paul M. Yen – 8 August 2013 – Caffeine is one of the world's most consumed drugs. Recently, several studies showed that its consumption is associated with lower risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an obesity‐related condition that recently has become the major cause of liver disease worldwide.

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