Constitutive Androstane Receptor Differentially Regulates Bile Acid Homeostasis in Mouse Models of Intrahepatic Cholestasis

Kang Ho Kim, Jong Min Choi, Feng Li, Bingning Dong, Clavia Ruth Wooton‐Kee, Armando Arizpe, Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk, Sung Yun Jung, Sean M. Hartig, David D. Moore – 4 December 2018 – Bile acid (BA) homeostasis is tightly regulated by multiple transcription factors, including farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and small heterodimer partner (SHP). We previously reported that loss of the FXR/SHP axis causes severe intrahepatic cholestasis, similar to human progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 5 (PFIC5).

Gut Microbial Metabolism and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Suzanne R. Sharpton, Germaine J.M. Yong, Norah A. Terrault, Susan V. Lynch – 3 December 2018 – The gut microbiome, the multispecies community of microbes that exists in the gastrointestinal tract, encodes several orders of magnitude more functional genes than the human genome. It also plays a pivotal role in human health, in part due to metabolism of environmental, dietary, and host‐derived substrates, which produce bioactive metabolites.

Racial Disparities in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Are Not Explained by Differences in Comorbidities, Liver Disease Severity, or Tumor Burden

Lara Dakhoul, Samer Gawrieh, Keaton R. Jones, Marwan Ghabril, Chelsey McShane, Eric Orman, Eduardo Vilar‐Gomez, Naga Chalasani, Lauren Nephew – 3 December 2018 – Black patients have higher mortality and are less likely to receive liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than white patients. Reasons for these disparities have not been fully elucidated.

Peribiliary Glands Are Key in Regeneration of the Human Biliary Epithelium After Severe Bile Duct Injury

Iris E.M. de Jong, Alix P.M. Matton, Jasper B. van Praagh, Wouter T. van Haaften, Janneke Wiersema‐Buist, Louise A. van Wijk, Dorenda Oosterhuis, Raditya Iswandana, Su Suriguga, Diletta Overi, Ton Lisman, Guido Carpino, Annette S.H. Gouw, Peter Olinga, Eugenio Gaudio, Robert J. Porte – 2 December 2018 – Peribiliary glands (PBG) are a source of stem/progenitor cells organized in a cellular network encircling large bile ducts.

Lack of Benefit and Potential Harm of Induction Therapy in Simultaneous Liver‐Kidney Transplants

Nashila AbdulRahim, Lee Anderson, Suman Kotla, Hao Liu, Venkatesh K. Ariyamuthu, Mythili Ghanta, Malcolm MacConmara, Shannan R. Tujios, Arjmand Mufti, Sumit Mohan, Jorge A. Marrero, Parsia A. Vagefi, Bekir Tanriover – 2 December 2018 – The number of simultaneous liver‐kidney transplantations (SLKTs) and use of induction therapy for SLKT have increased recently, without much published evidence, especially in the context of maintenance immunosuppression containing tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolic acid (MPA).

Vessels That Encapsulate Tumor Clusters (VETC) Pattern Is a Predictor of Sorafenib Benefit in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Jian‐Hong Fang, Li Xu, Li‐Ru Shang, Chu‐Zhi Pan, Jin Ding, Yun‐Qiang Tang, Hui Liu, Chu‐Xing Liu, Jia‐Lin Zheng, Yao‐Jun Zhang, Zhong‐Guo Zhou, Jing Xu, Limin Zheng, Min‐Shan Chen, Shi‐Mei Zhuang – 1 December 2018 – Sorafenib is the most recommended first‐line systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Yet there is no clinically applied biomarker for predicting sorafenib response.

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