Activation of Pregnane X Receptor Sensitizes Mice to Hemorrhagic Shock–Induced Liver Injury

Yang Xie, Meishu Xu, Meihong Deng, Zhigang Li, Pengcheng Wang, Songrong Ren, Yan Guo, Xiaochao Ma, Jie Fan, Timothy R. Billiar, Wen Xie – 30 April 2019 – Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is a life‐threatening condition associated with tissue hypoperfusion and often leads to injury of multiple organs including the liver. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a species‐specific xenobiotic receptor that regulates the expression of drug‐metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) such as the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A.

Fecal Microbial Transplant Capsules Are Safe in Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Phase 1, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Trial

Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Nita H. Salzman, Chathur Acharya, Richard K. Sterling, Melanie B. White, Edith A. Gavis, Andrew Fagan, Michael Hayward, Mary L. Holtz, Scott Matherly, Hannah Lee, Majdi Osman, Mohammad S. Siddiqui, Michael Fuchs, Puneet Puri, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, Patrick M. Gillevet – 30 April 2019 – Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) can cause major morbidity despite standard of care (SOC; rifaximin/lactulose). Fecal microbial transplant (FMT) enemas postantibiotics are safe, but the effect of FMT without antibiotics using the capsular route requires investigation.

Muscle Alterations Are Associated With Minimal and Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis

Silvia Nardelli, Barbara Lattanzi, Manuela Merli, Alessio Farcomeni, Stefania Gioia, Lorenzo Ridola, Oliviero Riggio – 30 April 2019 – Muscle alterations (myosteatosis and sarcopenia) are frequent in cirrhosis and related to some complications including overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between muscle alterations and minimal HE (MHE) and their role in the risk of overt HE. Sixty‐four patients with cirrhosis were administered the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score and animal naming test to detect MHE.

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