Dual‐Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation–Regulated Kinase 3 Loss Activates Purine Metabolism and Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression

Fei Ma, Yuekun Zhu, Xing Liu, Qingxin Zhou, Xuehui Hong, Chao Qu, Xing Feng, Yiyun Zhang, Qingbin Ding, Jiabao Zhao, Jingjing Hou, Mengya Zhong, Huiqin Zhuo, Lifeng Zhong, Zhijian Ye, Wen Xie, Yu Liu, Yubo Xiong, Hongwei Chen, Daxun Piao, Bei Sun, Zhi Gao, Qinghua Li, Zhen Zhang, Xingfeng Qiu, Zhiyong Zhang – 7 May 2019 – Cancer cells metabolize different energy sources to generate biomass rapidly. The purine biosynthetic pathway was recently identified as an important source of metabolic intermediates for these processes.

Interferon‐Induced Transmembrane Proteins Mediate Viral Evasion in Acute and Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Florian Wrensch, Gaëtan Ligat, Laura Heydmann, Catherine Schuster, Mirjam B. Zeisel, Patrick Pessaux, François Habersetzer, Barnabas J. King, Alexander W. Tarr, Jonathan K. Ball, Michael Winkler, Stefan Pöhlmann, Zhen‐yong Keck, Steven K.H. Foung, Thomas F. Baumert – 7 May 2019 – Although adaptive immune responses against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been studied in great detail, the role of innate immunity in protection against HCV infection and immune evasion is only partially understood.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts Established From Needle Biopsies Preserve the Characteristics of the Originating Tumors

Tanja Blumer, Isabel Fofana, Matthias S. Matter, Xueya Wang, Hesam Montazeri, Diego Calabrese, Mairene Coto‐Llerena, Tujana Boldanova, Sandro Nuciforo, Venkatesh Kancherla, Luigi Tornillo, Salvatore Piscuoglio, Stefan Wieland, Luigi M. Terracciano, Charlotte K.Y. Ng, Markus H. Heim – 6 May 2019 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Treatment options for patients with advanced‐stage disease are limited. A major obstacle in drug development is the lack of an in vivo model that accurately reflects the broad spectrum of human HCC.

OLFM4 Enhances STAT3 Activation and Promotes Tumor Progression by Inhibiting GRIM19 Expression in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Yosuke Ashizawa, Satoshi Kuboki, Hiroyuki Nojima, Hideyuki Yoshitomi, Katsunori Furukawa, Tsukasa Takayashiki, Shigetsugu Takano, Masaru Miyazaki, Masayuki Ohtsuka – 2 May 2019 – Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) induces signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation by inhibiting gene associated with retinoid‐interferon‐induced mortality 19 (GRIM19), a strong STAT3 suppressor gene; however, the mechanisms of OLFM4 for regulating GRIM19‐STAT3 cascade in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear.

NOD‐like receptor C4 Inflammasome Regulates the Growth of Colon Cancer Liver Metastasis in NAFLD

Koichiro Ohashi, Zhijun Wang, Yoon Mee Yang, Sandrine Billet, Wei Tu, Michael Pimienta, Suzanne L. Cassel, Stephen J. Pandol, Shelly C. Lu, Fayyaz S. Sutterwala, Neil Bhowmick, Ekihiro Seki – 1 May 2019 – Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) enhances the growth and recurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis. With the rising prevalence of NAFLD, a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying NAFLD‐associated liver metastasis is crucial. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a large portion of the tumor microenvironment that promotes tumor growth.

Muscle Alterations Are Associated With Minimal and Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis

Silvia Nardelli, Barbara Lattanzi, Manuela Merli, Alessio Farcomeni, Stefania Gioia, Lorenzo Ridola, Oliviero Riggio – 30 April 2019 – Muscle alterations (myosteatosis and sarcopenia) are frequent in cirrhosis and related to some complications including overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between muscle alterations and minimal HE (MHE) and their role in the risk of overt HE. Sixty‐four patients with cirrhosis were administered the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score and animal naming test to detect MHE.

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