Immune Exhaustion of T Cells in Alveolar Echinococcosis Patients and Its Reversal by Blocking Checkpoint Receptor TIGIT in a Murine Model

Chuanshan Zhang, Renyong Lin, Zhide Li, Shuting Yang, Xiaojuan Bi, Hui Wang, Abudusalamu Aini, Ning Zhang, Abuduaini Abulizi, Cheng Sun, Liang Li, Zhibin Zhao, Rongde Qin, Xiaohong Li, Liang Li, Tuerganaili Aji, Yingmei Shao, Dominique A. Vuitton, Zhigang Tian, Hao Wen – 14 August 2019

Novel Lipid Long Intervening Noncoding RNA, Oligodendrocyte Maturation‐Associated Long Intergenic Noncoding RNA, Regulates the Liver Steatosis Gene Stearoyl‐Coenzyme A Desaturase As an Enhancer RNA

Jihane N. Benhammou, Arthur Ko, Marcus Alvarez, Minna U. Kaikkonen, Carl Rankin, Kristina M. Garske, David Padua, Yash Bhagat, Dorota Kaminska, Vesa Kärjä, Jussi Pihlajamäki, Joseph R. Pisegna, Päivi Pajukanta – 14 August 2019 – The global obesity epidemic is driving the concomitant rise in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To identify new genes involved in central liver functions, we examined liver RNA‐sequence data from 259 patients who underwent morbidly obese bariatric surgery.

Development of a Plasma Screening Panel for Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using Metabolomics

Richard D. Khusial, Catherine E. Cioffi, Shelley A. Caltharp, Alyssa M. Krasinskas, Adina Alazraki, Jack Knight‐Scott, Rebecca Cleeton, Eduardo Castillo‐Leon, Dean P. Jones, Bridget Pierpont, Sonia Caprio, Nicola Santoro, Ayman Akil, Miriam B. Vos – 13 August 2019 – Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in children, but diagnosis is challenging due to limited availability of noninvasive biomarkers.

Sepsis in Patients With Cirrhosis Awaiting Liver Transplantation: New Trends and Management

Rosa Martin Mateos, Agustín Albillos – 13 August 2019 – Bacterial infections are more frequent and severe in patients with advanced liver disease and, therefore, in liver transplant candidates. The increased risk of infection in these patients parallels the severity of the immune dysfunction associated with cirrhosis, which is related to systemic inflammation and progressive immunodeficiency.

Extensive Thrombectomy as a Legitimate Strategy in Living Donor Liver Transplantation With Advanced Portal Vein Thrombosis

Toru Ikegami, Tomoharu Yoshizumi, Yuriko Tsutsui, Noboru Harada, Shinji Itoh, Shohei Yoshiya, Daisuke Imai, Hideaki Uchiyama, Masaki Mori – 13 August 2019 – Management of portal vein thrombosis (PVT), especially advanced PVT involving the superior mesenteric vein (SMV), in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is challenging. There were 514 adults who underwent LDLT between 2005 and 2018 included in this retrospective study, and PVT was observed in 67 (13.0%) patients.

Nuclear Sensor Interferon‐Inducible Protein 16 Inhibits the Function of Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA by Integrating Innate Immune Activation and Epigenetic Suppression

Use of an Outbred Rat Hepacivirus Challenge Model for Design and Evaluation of Efficacy of Different Immunization Strategies for Hepatitis C Virus

Erwan Atcheson, Wenqin Li, Carly M. Bliss, Senthil Chinnakannan, Kathrin Heim, Hannah Sharpe, Claire Hutchings, Isabelle Dietrich, Dung Nguyen, Amit Kapoor, Michael A. Jarvis, Paul Klenerman, Eleanor Barnes, Peter Simmonds – 10 August 2019

Tumor‐Selective Altered Glycosylation and Functional Attenuation of CD73 in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Karel P. Alcedo, Andres Guerrero, Venkatesha Basrur, Dong Fu, Monea L. Richardson, Joshua S. McLane, Chih‐Chiang Tsou, Alexey I. Nesvizhskii, Theodore H. Welling, Carlito B. Lebrilla, Carol A. Otey, Hong Jin Kim, M. Bishr Omary, Natasha T. Snider – 9 August 2019 – CD73, a cell‐surface N‐linked glycoprotein that produces extracellular adenosine, is a novel target for cancer immunotherapy. Although anti‐CD73 antibodies have entered clinical development, CD73 has both protumor and antitumor functions, depending on the target cell and tumor type.

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