<div><p><b>Background: </b>Conventional therapy for late T cell mediated acute cellular rejection (ACR) in liver transplant includes corticosteroids and anti-thymocyte globulin, has remained unchanged for six decades, and is not infrequently met with treatment failure. Here, we used single cell RNAseq with TCR V(D)J profiling to identify expanded (ie, alloreactive) T cell clones and their gene expression profiles in response to anti-rejection treatment.</p>

<div><p><strong><b>Background:</strong> </b>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), represent the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries. MASLD patients are at increased risk for developing clinically meaningful cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including stroke and coronary artery disease and its fatal and nonfatal ischemic complications.

<div><p><b>Background: </b>Albumin reduces mortality in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and is recommended by national guidelines. However, gaps and potential disparities in standard of care are not well-studied in large cohorts. We investigated temporal trends, center-level variation, and racial disparities in guideline-recommended albumin use for patients hospitalized with SBP in a large national cohort of Veterans with cirrhosis (VOCAL).</p>

<div><p><b>Background: </b>Emerging evidence demonstrates microbial metabolites play pivotal roles in onset and progression of liver fibrosis and imidazole propionate (ImP) as a microbially produced histidine-derived metabolite was significantly increased in patients with chronic hepatitis B/cirrhosis compared to healthy controls. However, whether ImP is involved in hepatic fibrosis remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the effects of ImP on hepatic fibrosis and its potential mechanisms.</p>

<div><p><b>Background:</p> </b><p>The emergence of direct-acting anti-HCV agents has led to a significant increase of patients who achieve sustained virologic response (SVR) but remain at risk of HCC development over a decade. HCC risk stratification post SVR is urgently needed.</p>

<div><p><b>Background:</p> </b><p style="font-weight: 400;">Active HCV infection has decreased with the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). However, a subset of patients remains at risk for HCC development even after achieving a sustained virologic response (SVR). Chemopreventive measures post SVR are urgently needed to reduce incident HCC.</p>

<div><p><b>Background: </b>We have been developing a liver regeneration therapy for decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC) using cultured autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Currently, we are conducting a clinical trial called "Self-contained liver cirrhosis regeneration therapy (jRCT2063200014)". In our clinical trial, hepatic arterial infusion of cultured autologous BMSCs has ameliorated liver function and fibrosis in patients with DLC. However, the mechanism of anti-fibrotic action of BMSCs remain to be fully determined.

<div><p><b>Background: </b>In-hospital mortality of cirrhosis patients with septic shock is higher than in other patients and exceeds 70%. These patients have high output cardiac failure secondary to severe systemic vasodilatation which is refractory to catecholamines. Terlipressin, as a second vasopressor, can provide the severe systemic vasodilation and improve macro and microcirculation. Terlipressin has been used either as continuous infusion or boluses in hepatorenal syndrome.

<div><p><strong><b>Background:</strong> </b>The patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) gene is strongly implicated in the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Gene silencing approaches are being considered for treatment of MASH but there are limited blood-based biomarkers of PNPLA3 homozygosity.

<div><p><b>Background: </b>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related fibrosis is heritable, but it is unclear how family history may be used to identify first-degree relatives with advanced fibrosis. We aimed to develop and validate a simple risk score to identify first-degree relatives of probands who have undergone assessment of liver fibrosis who are at higher risk of NAFLD with advanced fibrosis.</p>