Mechanism of T cell tolerance induction by murine hepatic Kupffer cells

Qiang You, Linling Cheng, Ross M. Kedl, Cynthia Ju – 2 May 2008 – The liver is known to favor the induction of immunological tolerance rather than immunity. Although Kupffer cells (KC) have been indicated to play a role in liver tolerance to allografts and soluble antigens, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. We hypothesized that KCs could promote immune tolerance by acting as incompetent antigen‐presenting cells (APC), as well as actively suppressing T cell activation induced by other potent APCs.

Expression of X‐linked inhibitor‐of‐apoptosis protein in hepatocellular carcinoma promotes metastasis and tumor recurrence

Ying‐Hong Shi, Wen‐Xing Ding, Jian Zhou, Jun‐Yi He, Yang Xu, Andrea A. Gambotto, Hannah Rabinowich, Jia Fan, Xiao‐Ming Yin – 2 May 2008 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Despite significantly improved diagnosis and treatment in recent years, the long‐term therapeutic effect is compromised by the frequent recurrence and metastasis, of which the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.

Loss of tolerance in C57BL/6 mice to the autoantigen E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase by a xenobiotic with ensuing biliary ductular disease

Kanji Wakabayashi, Zhe‐Xiong Lian, Patrick S.C. Leung, Yuki Moritoki, Koichi Tsuneyama, Mark J. Kurth, Kit S. Lam, Katsunori Yoshida, Guo‐Xiang Yang, Toshifumi Hibi, Aftab A. Ansari, William M. Ridgway, Ross L. Coppel, Ian R. Mackay, M. Eric Gershwin – 2 May 2008 – There have been important advances in defining effector mechanisms for several human autoimmune diseases. However, for most human autoimmune diseases, the induction stage is less well defined and there are very few clues on etiology.

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Sanaa Kamal, Michelle Schardell, Samer El Kamary, Mohamed Hashem, Hoda Mansour, Amany Sayed Ibrahim – 25 April 2008

In vivo antisense oligonucleotide reduction of NPC1 expression as a novel mouse model for Niemann Pick type C– associated liver disease

Victoria M. Rimkunas, Mark J. Graham, Rosanne M. Crooke, Laura Liscum – 25 April 2008 – Niemann‐Pick type C (NPC) is a fatal autosomal recessive lipidosis that is characterized by lysosomal storage of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. Patients exhibit prolonged neonatal jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and progressive neurodegeneration that generally result in death by the teen years. Most clinical cases are caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene. Current mouse models of NPC are not well suited for studying the liver disease due to the rapidly progressing neurological disease.

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