Hepatitis C virus JFH‐1 strain infection in chimpanzees is associated with low pathogenicity and emergence of an adaptive mutation

Takanobu Kato, Youkyung Choi, Gamal Elmowalid, Ronda K. Sapp, Heidi Barth, Akihiro Furusaka, Shunji Mishiro, Takaji Wakita, Krzysztof Krawczynski, T. Jake Liang – 27 May 2008 – The identification of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) strain JFH‐1 enabled the successful development of infectious cell culture systems. Although this strain replicates efficiently and produces infectious virus in cell culture, the replication capacity and pathogenesis in vivo are still undefined.

Adenine nucleotide changes in the remnant liver: An early signal for regeneration after partial hepatectomy

Sara Crumm, Montserrat Cofan, Egle Juskeviciute, Jan B. Hoek – 27 May 2008 – Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHx) is orchestrated by multiple signals from cytokines and growth factors. We investigated whether increased energy demand on the remnant liver after PHx contributes to regenerative signals. Changes in the tissue's energy state were determined from adenine nucleotide levels.

“Toxic memory” via chaperone modification is a potential mechanism for rapid mallory‐denk body reinduction

Pavel Strnad, Guo‐Zhong Tao, Phillip So, Kenneth Lau, Jim Schilling, Yuquan Wei, Jian Liao, M. Bishr Omary – 27 May 2008 – The cytoplasmic hepatocyte inclusions, Mallory‐Denk bodies (MDBs), are characteristic of several liver disorders, including alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In mice, MDBs can be induced by long‐term feeding with 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC) for 3 to 4 months or rapidly reformed in DDC‐induced then recovered mice by DDC refeeding or exposure to a wide range of toxins for only 5 to 7 days.

Evaluation of risk factors in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in autoimmune hepatitis: Implications for follow‐up and screening

Andrew D. Yeoman, Thawab Al‐Chalabi, John B. Karani, Alberto Quaglia, John Devlin, Giorgina Mieli‐Vergani, Adrian Bomford, John G. O'Grady, Phillip M. Harrison, Michael A. Heneghan – 27 May 2008 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has traditionally been considered a rare complication of cirrhosis secondary to autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), yet the true incidence remains unknown due to a lack of published data. Consequently, some professional guidelines do not mandate routine surveillance for HCC in this condition.

Inflammatory stress exacerbates lipid accumulation in hepatic cells and fatty livers of apolipoprotein E knockout mice

Kun L. Ma, Xiong Z. Ruan, Stephen H. Powis, Yaxi Chen, John F. Moorhead, Zac Varghese – 27 May 2008 – The prevailing theory in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the “two‐hit” hypothesis. The first hit mainly consists of lipid accumulation, and the second is subsequent systemic inflammation. The current study was undertaken to investigate whether inflammatory stress exacerbates lipid accumulation in liver and its underlying mechanisms.

Activation of hepatic stellate cells after phagocytosis of lymphocytes: A novel pathway of fibrogenesis

Nidal Muhanna, Sarit Doron, Ori Wald, Amjad Horani, Ahmed Eid, Orit Pappo, Scott L. Friedman, Rifaat Safadi – 16 May 2008 – Increased CD8‐T lymphocytes and reduced natural killer (NK) cells contribute to hepatic fibrosis. We have characterized pathways regulating the interactions of human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) with specific lymphocyte subsets in vivo and in vitro.

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