LiverLearning®: 2019 Webinar: Management of NAFLD: Integrating Strategies from Obesity Medicine into Clinical Practice

NAFLD is an increasing public health crisis. Although there are no FDA approved medications for the treatment of NAFLD, it is well established that weight loss can improve the metabolic and histologic parameters associated with NAFLD. This webinar will identify key lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, and the role of bariatric surgery in obesity management in patients with NAFLD.

Focal Adhesion Kinase and β‐Catenin Cooperate to Induce Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Na Shang, Hao Wang, Thomas Bank, Aldeb Perera, Cara Joyce, Gina Kuffel, Michael J. Zilliox, Scott J. Cotler, Xianzhong Ding, Asha Dhanarajan, Peter Breslin, Wei Qiu – 9 May 2019 – There is an urgent need to understand the molecular signaling pathways that drive or mediate the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) gene protein tyrosine kinase 2 is amplified in 16.4% of The Cancer Genome Atlas HCC specimens, and its amplification leads to increased FAK mRNA expression.

Exosomal Transport of Hepatocyte‐Derived Drug‐Modified Proteins to the Immune System

Monday O. Ogese, Rosalind E. Jenkins, Kareena Adair, Arun Tailor, Xiaoli Meng, Lee Faulkner, Bright O. Enyindah, Amy Schofield, Rafael Diaz‐Nieto, Lorenzo Ressel, Gina L. Eagle, Neil R. Kitteringham, Chris E. Goldring, B. Kevin Park, Dean J. Naisbitt, Catherine Betts – 9 May 2019 – Idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare, often difficult‐to‐predict adverse reaction with complex pathomechanisms. However, it is now evident that certain forms of DILI are immune‐mediated and may involve the activation of drug‐specific T cells.

Unexpected Rapid Increase in the Burden of NAFLD in China From 2008 to 2018: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Feng Zhou, Jianghua Zhou, Wenxin Wang, Xiao‐Jing Zhang, Yan‐Xiao Ji, Peng Zhang, Zhi‐Gang She, Lihua Zhu, Jingjing Cai, Hongliang Li – 9 May 2019 – With rapid lifestyle transitions, the increasing burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in China has emerged as a major public health issue. To obtain a comprehensive overview of the status of NAFLD over the past decade, we evaluated the epidemiology, risk factors, complications, and management of NAFLD in China through a systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Proteasomal Degradation of Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 in Cholangiocytes Promotes Biliary Fibrosis

Nidhi Jalan‐Sakrikar, Thiago M. De Assuncao, Guang Shi, Sayed Obaidullah Aseem, Cheng Chi, Vijay H. Shah, Robert C. Huebert – 9 May 2019 – During biliary disease, cholangiocytes become activated by various pathological stimuli, including transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β). The result is an epigenetically regulated transcriptional program leading to a pro‐fibrogenic microenvironment, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and progression of biliary fibrosis.

Hippo Signaling Controls NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 Activation and Governs Immunoregulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Mouse Liver Injury

Changyong Li, Yuting Jin, Song Wei, Yishuang Sun, Longfeng Jiang, Qiang Zhu, Douglas G. Farmer, Ronald W. Busuttil, Jerzy W. Kupiec‐Weglinski, Bibo Ke – 7 May 2019 – The Hippo pathway, an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase cascade, tightly regulates cell growth and survival. Activation of yes‐associated protein (YAP), a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, has been shown to modulate tissue inflammation.

The Quality and Outcomes of Care Provided to Patients with Cirrhosis by Advanced Practice Providers

Elliot B. Tapper, Shengchen Hao, Menghan Lin, John N. Mafi, Heather McCurdy, Neehar D. Parikh, Anna S. Lok – 7 May 2019 – Cirrhosis is morbid and increasingly prevalent, yet the U.S. health care system lacks enough physicians and specialists to adequately manage patients with cirrhosis. Although advanced practice providers (APPs) can expand access to cirrhosis‐related care, their impact on the quality of care remains unknown.

Long Noncoding RNA H19 Contributes to Cholangiocyte Proliferation and Cholestatic Liver Fibrosis in Biliary Atresia

Yongtao Xiao, Runping Liu, Xiaojiaoyang Li, Emily C. Gurley, Phillip B. Hylemon, Ying Lu, Huiping Zhou, Wei Cai – 7 May 2019 – Biliary atresia (BA) is a neonatal liver disease featuring cholestasis and severe liver fibrosis (LF). Despite advances in the development of surgical treatment, lacking an early diagnostic marker and intervention of LF invariably leads to death from end‐stage liver disease in the early years of life.

Technical Considerations in Liver Transplantation for Biliary Atresia With Situs Inversus

Masahiro Takeda, Seisuke Sakamoto, Hajime Uchida, Shohei Yoshimura, Seiichi Shimizu, Yoshihiro Hirata, Akinari Fukuda, Andrea Schlegel, Mureo Kasahara – 7 May 2019 – In liver transplantation (LT) for biliary atresia (BA) with situs inversus (SI), the surgical procedure is technically challenging due to multiple anatomical variations. We evaluated the surgical procedures and the outcomes in our patients and in the previously reported patients undergoing LT for BA with SI. Between November 2005 and October 2018, 235 children underwent LT with an overall 10‐year graft survival of 94.7%.

The mTORC2‐Akt1 Cascade Is Crucial for c‐Myc to Promote Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice and Humans

Zhong Xu, Meng Xu, Pin Liu, Shu Zhang, Runze Shang, Yu Qiao, Li Che, Silvia Ribback, Antonio Cigliano, Katja Evert, Rosa M. Pascale, Frank Dombrowski, Matthias Evert, Xi Chen, Diego F. Calvisi, Xin Chen – 7 May 2019 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly form of liver cancer with limited treatment options. The c‐Myc transcription factor is a pivotal player in hepatocarcinogenesis, but the mechanisms underlying c‐Myc oncogenic activity in the liver remain poorly delineated.

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