M W Fried, D G Connaghan, S Sharma, L G Martin, S Devine, K Holland, A Zuckerman, S Kaufman, J Wingard, T D Boyer – 1 September 1996 – Hepatic venoocclusive disease (VOD) is a common, life‐threatening complication of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Portal hypertension is usually present and accounts for many of the clinical manifestations of this syndrome. We describe the results of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for the management of VOD after BMT TIPS was performed in six patients with histologically confirmed VOD who had progressive jaundice and ascites.

H M El‐Newihi, M E Alamy, T B Reynolds – 1 September 1996 – The liver is commonly involved in patients with typhoid fever. However, severe hepatic derangement simulating acute viral hepatitis is rare. Our aim was to characterize the clinical picture, biochemical features, and prognosis of Salmonella hepatitis. Retrospective case‐control analysis of medical records included 27 patients with Salmonella hepatitis and 27 inpatients with acute viral hepatitis from 1973 to 1993.

Zhi Zhong, Henry Connor, Ronald P. Mason, Wei Qu, Robert F. Stachlewitz, Wenshi Gao, John J. Lemasters, Ronald G. Thurman – 1 September 1996 – This study investigated the role of Kupffer cells on survival and graft injury in transplanted fatty livers from rats treated acutely with ethanol. Donor rats were given ethanol (5 g/kg, by mouth) 20 hours before explantation, and liver grafts were preserved in University of Wisconsin cold storage solution for 24 to 42 hours prior to implantation. Blood samples were taken from the inferior vena cava for 3 hours after implantation.

G A Tipples, M M Ma, K P Fischer, V G Bain, N M Kneteman, D L Tyrrell – 1 September 1996 – The (‐) enantiomer of 3′‐thiacytidine (lamivudine) has been found to be a potent inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication. Mutation of methionine to valine or isoleucine at the YMDD (tyrosine, methionine, aspartate, aspartate) motif of the HIV reverse transcriptase has been shown to be responsible for lamivudine resistance in HIV. The hepadnaviruses also have the YMDD motif in their DNA polymerase.

Andrew D. Badley, Daniel F. Portela, Robin Patel, Robert A. Kyle, Thomas M. Habermann, John G. Strickler, Duane M. Ilstrup, Russell H. Wiesner, Piet De Groen, Randall C. Walker, Carlos V. Paya – 1 September 1996 – Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐induced posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) develops in 3% to 10% of solid organ transplant recipients with a resultant mortality of up to 70%. Unfortunately, there is no current marker which identifies patients who will develop this disease.

W F Carman, C Trautwein, J van Deursen, K Colman, E Dornan, G McIntyre, J Waters, V Kliem, R Müller, H C Thomas, M P Manns – 1 September 1996 – Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replicates via an intermediate RNA step. High frequency of polymerase errors with additional selection pressure leads to mutations in the HBV genome.

Nancy L. Ascher – 1 September 1996 – Recombinant adenovirus vectors are efficient at transferring genes into somatic tissues but are limited for use in clinical gene therapy by immunologic factors that result in the rapid loss of gene expression and inhibit secondary gene transfer. This study demonstrates that systemic coadministration of recombinant adenovirus with soluble CTLA4lg, which is known to block co‐stimulatory signals between T cells and antigen presenting cells, leads to persistent adenovirus gene expression in mice without long‐term immunosuppression.

Mukunda B. Ray, Timothy Schroeder, Scott E. Michaels, Douglas W. Hanto – 1 September 1996 – Detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen is useful for the study of proliferative activity of neoplastic and non‐neoplastic lymphoid, parenchymal, and mesenchymal cells. Allograft rejection is associated with the recruitment of circulating cells and their proliferation in the graft.

M P Leon, M F Bassendine, J L Wilson, S Ali, M Thick, J A Kirby – 1 September 1996 – The intrahepatic biliary epithelium is susceptible to extensive T‐cell‐ mediated damage during primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and hepatic allograft rejection. During these processes, human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HIBEC) become activated and express high levels of the lymphocyte adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and lymphocyte‐associated antigen (LFA)‐3, and of class II MHC antigens.

R L Gebhard, W F Prigge, H J Ansel, L Schlasner, S R Ketover, D Sande, K Holtmeier, F J Peterson – 1 September 1996 – Obese persons are at risk for cholesterol gallstones because their bile is saturated with cholesterol. The risk increases during rapid weight loss by means of certain very‐low‐calorie diets or gastric bypass surgery. Gallstone risk factors during rapid weight loss include increased bile cholesterol saturation index and gallbladder stasis.