Hisashi Taniai, Makoto Suematsu, Tsuneharu Suzuki, Shinji Norimizu, Rio Hori, Yuzuru Ishimura, Yuji Nimura – 30 December 2003 – This study aimed to investigate the roles of endothelin (ET) receptors in biliary dysfunction and cell injury in postischemic livers. Rat livers perfused with oxygenated Krebs‐Henseleit solution were exposed to reoxygenation following 20‐minute hypoxia. The anoxic perfusion decreased bile output and reduced cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) contents, an index of nitric oxide (NO) generation.

Lichuan Liu, Ming Zhang, Bao Luo, Gary A. Abrams, Michael B. Fallon – 30 December 2003 – The hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) results from pulmonary microvascular dilatation in cirrhosis and is associated with increased pulmonary endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels. In the common bile duct ligation (CBDL) model, endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) released from the liver contributes to the rise in pulmonary eNOS and intrapulmonary vasodilatation.

Marcus Schmitt, Ralf Kubitz, Sabine Lizun, Matthias Wettstein, Dieter Häussinger – 30 December 2003 – Canalicular transport via the bile salt export pump (Bsep) represents the rate‐controlling step in taurocholate excretion, whose capacity is under osmotic control. The short‐term effects of anisoosmolarity and Ca2+‐withdrawal on the localization of Bsep and the tight junction proteins Zo‐1 and occludin were studied in perfused rat liver by immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and densitometry.

Gernot Zollner, Peter Fickert, Rainer Zenz, Andrea Fuchsbichler, Conny Stumptner, Lukas Kenner, Peter Ferenci, Rudolf E. Stauber, Guenter J. Krejs, Helmut Denk, Kurt Zatloukal, Michael Trauner – 30 December 2003 – Reduced hepatobiliary transporter expression could explain impaired hepatic uptake and excretion of bile salts and other biliary constituents resulting in cholestasis and jaundice. Because little is known about alterations of hepatobiliary transport systems in human cholestatic liver diseases, it was the aim of this study to investigate such potential changes.

Germana V. Gregorio, Bernard Portmann, John Karani, Phil Harrison, Peter T. Donaldson, Diego Vergani, Giorgina Mieli‐Vergani – 30 December 2003 – To investigate whether sclerosing cholangitis with an autoimmune serology characteristic of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and AIH are distinct entities, we studied 55 consecutive children with clinical and/or biochemical evidence of liver disease and circulating antinuclear (ANA), anti‐smooth muscle (SMA), and/or liver‐kidney‐microsomal type 1 (LKM1) autoantibodies.

Michael T. Milliano, Bruce A. Luxon – 30 December 2003 – The role of cytosolic fatty acid binding protein (FABP) in cellular fatty acid metabolism remains poorly defined. The intracellular movement of fatty acids is thought to be facilitated through codiffusion with FABP. Peroxisomal proliferators like clofibrate induce FABP and may stimulate fatty acid use by increasing cytoplasmic diffusion rates. Our aim was to determine if induction of FABP by clofibrate increases the cytoplasmic transport of a fluorescent fatty acid NBD‐stearate.

Robert P. Perrillo, Teresa Wright, Jorge Rakela, Gary Levy, Eugene Schiff, Robert Gish, Paul Martin, Jules Dienstag, Paul Adams, Rolland Dickson, Gaya Anschuetz, Steve Bell, Lynn Condreay, Nathaniel Brown, The Lamivudine North American Transplant Group – 30 December 2003 – Seventy‐seven liver transplant candidates were enrolled in a multicenter study in which patients were treated with lamivudine (100 mg daily) without the adjunctive use of hepatitis B immune globulin. Treatment was begun while patients awaited liver transplantation and continued after transplantation.

Peter R. Sinclair, Nadia Gorman, Heidi S. Walton, William J. Bement, Jacqueline F. Sinclair, Glenn S. Gerhard, Juliana G. Szakacs, Nancy C. Andrews, Joanne E. Levy – 30 December 2003 – Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), a liver disease with skin lesions caused by excess liver production of uroporphyrin (URO), is associated with consumption of alcoholic beverages or estrogens, and moderate iron overload. Recently, it has been shown that many PCT patients carry mutations in the HFE gene, which is responsible for hereditary hemochromatosis.

Steve J. Cheng, Peter A. L. Bonis, Joseph Lau, Nhu Q. Pham, John B. Wong – 30 December 2003 – The efficacy of interferon (IFN) combined with ribavirin for the treatment of patients with hepatitis C who failed to respond to initial IFN therapy is not well established. The primary goal of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature evaluating the efficacy of combination therapy in nonresponders. Studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, abstracts of scientific meetings, and review of the bibliographies of retrieved studies.

Luis Felipe Barros, Andrés Stutzin, Andrea Calixto, Marcelo Catalán, Joel Castro, Claudio Hetz, Tamara Hermosilla – 30 December 2003 – Necrosis, as opposed to apoptosis, is recognized as a nonspecific cell death that induces tissue inflammation and is preceded by cell edema. In non‐neuronal cells, the latter has been explained by defective outward pumping of Na+ caused by metabolic depletion or by increased Na+ influx via membrane transporters.