Steve S. Choi, Jason K. Sicklick, Qi Ma, Liu Yang, Jiawen Huang, Yi Qi, Wei Chen, Yin‐Xiong Li, Pascal J. Goldschmidt‐Clermont, Anna Mae Diehl – 20 October 2006 – Rac, a small, GTP‐binding protein in the Rho family, regulates several cellular functions, including the activation of NADPH oxidase, a major intracellular producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) isolated from mice that are genetically deficient in NADPH oxidase produce less ROS, and their activation during chronic liver injury is abrogated, resulting in decreased liver fibrosis.

Huawei Su, Gooitzen M. van Dam, Carlijn I. Buis, Dorien S. Visser, Jan Willem Hesselink, Theo A. Schuurs, Henri G.D. Leuvenink, Christopher H. Contag, Robert J. Porte – 20 October 2006 – Upregulation of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) has been proposed as a critical mechanism protecting against cellular stress during liver transplantation, providing a potential target for new therapeutic interventions. We investigated the feasibility of in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to noninvasively quantify the spatiotemporal expression of HO‐1 after warm hepatic ischemia in living animals.

Àurea Navarro‐Sabaté, Carmen Peralta, Maria Nieves Calvo, Anna Manzano, Marta Massip‐Salcedo, Joan Roselló‐Catafau, Ramon Bartrons – 20 October 2006 – Hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury associated with liver transplantation is an as yet unresolved problem in clinical practice. Preconditioning protects the liver against the deleterious effects of ischemia, although the mechanism underlying this preconditioning is still unclear.

Ignazio R. Marino – 20 October 2006

Helen Williams, Patrick McKiernan, Deirdre Kelly, Ulrich Baumann – 20 October 2006

Marion G. Peters, Janet Andersen, Patrick Lynch, Tun Liu, Beverly Alston‐Smith, Carol L. Brosgart, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Victoria A. Johnson, Richard B. Pollard, James F. Rooney, Kenneth E. Sherman, Susan Swindells, Bruce Polsky, ACTG Protocol A5127 Team – 20 October 2006 – Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in subjects coinfected with HIV. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) are licensed for the treatment of HIV‐1 and HBV infection, respectively, but both have in vivo and in vitro activity against HBV.

Kwan‐Hoon Moon, Brian L. Hood, Bong‐Jo Kim, James P. Hardwick, Thomas P. Conrads, Timothy D. Veenstra, Byoung J. Song – 20 October 2006 – Increased oxidative/nitrosative stress is a major contributing factor to alcohol‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. However, which mitochondrial proteins are oxidatively modified under alcohol‐induced oxidative/nitrosative stress is poorly understood.

John M. Murray, Robert H. Purcell, Stefan F. Wieland – 20 October 2006 – The virion half‐life of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is currently estimated at approximately 1 day. This estimate has been obtained from drug perturbation experiments with reverse transcriptase inhibitors. However, the analyses of those experiments have not considered the export of virions produced from preformed mature DNA‐containing HBV capsids in infected cells.

Jocelyn Trottier, Mélanie Verreault, Susan Grepper, Didier Monté, Julie Bélanger, Jenny Kaeding, Patrick Caron, Ted T. Inaba, Olivier Barbier – 20 October 2006 – Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) is a liver‐formed detergent and plays an important role in the control of cholesterol homeostasis. During cholestasis, toxic bile acids (BA) accumulate in hepatocytes causing damage and consequent impairment of their function. Glucuronidation, a conjugation reaction catalyzed by UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, is considered an important metabolic pathway for hepatic BA.

Timothy McCashland – 18 October 2006